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[论文解读] A Survey on Disaster: Understanding the After-effects of Super-cyclone Amphan and Helping Hand of Social Media

Soham Poddar, Mainack Mondal|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 29, 2020
Public Relations and Crisis Communication参考文献 13被引用 7
一句话总结

本研究通过针对西孟加拉邦201名参与者的在线调查,探讨了超级气旋阿曼潘在社会技术层面的影响,发现服务中断(尤其是电力、电话和互联网)是造成民众痛苦的主要原因。研究显示,当局通过数字渠道及时响应显著提升了公众对应急准备的感知。研究主张应利用人工智能驱动的聊天机器人和社交媒体上可信信息的传播,以在类似阿曼潘的危机中提升灾害响应的可扩展性和可靠性,尤其是在疫情期间的限制条件下。

ABSTRACT

The super-cyclonic storm "Amphan" hit Eastern India, specifically the state of West Bengal, Odisha and parts of Bangladesh in May 2020, and caused severe damage to the regions. In this study, we aim to understand the self-reported effects of this natural disaster on residents of the state of West Bengal. To that end, we conducted an online survey to understand the effects of the cyclone. In total, 201 participants (spanning five districts) from the worst-affected state of West Bengal participated in the survey. This report describes our findings from the survey, with respect to the damages caused by the cyclone, how it affected the population in various districts of West Bengal, and how prepared the authorities were in responding to the disaster. We found that the participants were most adversely affected in this disaster due to disruption of services like electricity, phone and internet (as opposed to uprooting of trees and water-logging). Furthermore, we found that receiving responses to Amphan-related queries is highly positively correlated with the favorable perception of people about preparedness of authorities. Additionally, we study the usage of online social media by the affected population in the days immediately after the disaster. Our results strongly suggest how social media platforms can help authorities to better prepare for future disasters. In summary, our study analyzes self-reported data collected from grassroots, and brings out several key insights that can help authorities deal better with disaster events in future.

研究动机与目标

  • 了解西孟加拉邦受灾最严重的地区居民对超级气旋阿曼潘的自我报告影响。
  • 评估数字通信(尤其是社交媒体)在气旋期间对灾害响应和公众认知的影响。
  • 评估官方沟通在塑造公众对灾害准备信任方面的作用。
  • 识别利用数字平台和人工智能改进未来灾害管理的可行见解。

提出的方法

  • 在气旋发生10天后(2020年5月30日至6月16日)对西孟加拉邦五个地区共201名参与者进行了在线调查。
  • 参与者报告了当地损害情况、服务中断(电力、电话、互联网)以及与官方沟通的体验。
  • 分析了社交媒体使用模式,以理解受影响人群如何获取和分享信息。
  • 将公众对当局准备情况的感知与是否收到阿曼潘相关问题的回复进行相关性分析。
  • 提出利用人工智能驱动的聊天机器人作为灾害期间双向沟通的可扩展工具。
  • 建议通过官方社交媒体账号传播可信信息,以应对虚假信息并改善危机沟通。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在受影响人群的感知中,电力、电话和互联网服务中断与物理损害(如树木被连根拔起、积水)相比,其影响程度如何?
  • RQ2在气旋发生期间及之后,收到当局回复在多大程度上影响了公众对准备情况的感知?
  • RQ3灾后数日内,受影响人群的社交媒体使用模式有何差异?
  • RQ4同期的新冠疫情封锁在多大程度上放大或改变了基础设施故障的影响?
  • RQ5当局可采用哪些机制,借助社交媒体和人工智能改善灾害沟通与响应?

主要发现

  • 超过40%的参与者报告称,电力、电话和互联网服务在气旋过后恢复时间超过四天。
  • 由于疫情封锁导致人们长时间待在室内,参与者受服务中断的影响远大于物理损害(如树木被连根拔起或积水)的影响。
  • 收到与阿曼潘相关问题回复的事件与公众对当局准备情况的积极感知高度正相关。
  • 社交媒体平台被广泛用于信息共享,但虚假信息和非关键性对话常常掩盖了重要的救援信息。
  • 当当局及时回应公众查询时,被感知为更具准备能力,凸显了及时数字沟通的重要性。
  • 本研究建议部署人工智能驱动的聊天机器人,并通过社交媒体开展官方信息传播活动,以应对虚假信息并提升危机沟通的可扩展性。

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