[论文解读] Acceleration of the NVT-flash calculation for multicomponent mixtures using deep neural network models
本研究提出一种深度神经网络模型,通过从基于动态模型生成的数据中学习,加速多组分烃类混合物的NVT闪蒸计算,相较于传统迭代方法实现高达244倍的加速,同时保持高精度,并消除对单独稳定性测试的需求。
Phase equilibrium calculation, also known as flash calculation, has been extensively applied in petroleum engineering, not only as a standalone application for separation process but also an integral component of compositional reservoir simulation. It is of vital importance to accelerate flash calculation without much compromise in accuracy and reliability, turning it into an active research topic in the last two decades. In this study, we establish a deep neural network model to approximate the iterative NVT-flash calculation. A dynamic model designed for NVT flash problems is iteratively solved to produce data for training the neural network. In order to test the model's capacity to handle complex fluid mixtures, three real reservoir fluids are investigated, including one Bakken oil and two Eagle Ford oils. Compared to previous studies that follow the conventional flash framework in which stability testing precedes phase splitting calculation, we incorporate stability test and phase split calculation together and accomplish both two steps by a single deep learning model. The trained model is able to identify the single vapor, single liquid and vapor-liquid state under the subcritical region of the investigated fluids. A number of examples are presented to show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed deep neural network. It is found that the trained model makes predictions at most 244 times faster than the iterative flash calculation under the given cases. Even though training a multi-level network model does take a large amount of time that is comparable to the computational time of flash calculations, the one-time offline training process gives the deep learning model great potential to speed up compositional reservoir simulation.
研究动机与目标
- 解决基于状态方程的闪蒸计算在组分储层模拟中的计算瓶颈问题。
- 克服传统闪蒸框架效率低下的问题,后者需要单独进行稳定性测试和相态分离。
- 开发一种深度学习模型,能够直接从P、T和组成条件预测相行为(包括单相和气液平衡)。
- 通过优化数据量和网络架构,在模型精度与训练效率之间取得平衡。
- 通过一次性的离线训练,实现可复用的快速预测,适用于大规模组分模拟。
提出的方法
- 使用基于物质摩尔数和体积演化方程的动态模型,迭代模拟NVT闪蒸过程,并生成训练数据。
- 训练深度神经网络,将输入条件(P、T、进料组成)映射到相组成和摩尔分数。
- 引入重构损失函数和Dropout正则化,以减少过拟合并提升泛化能力。
- 应用批量归一化,以加速训练收敛并提高优化稳定性。
- 基于先前关于深度学习用于闪蒸近似的研究所提供的见解,设计多层网络架构。
- 在三种真实储层流体上训练模型:一种Bakken原油和两种Eagle Ford原油,分别含有5、8和14种组分。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1深度神经网络能否准确近似复杂多组分烃类混合物在NVT闪蒸计算中的相行为?
- RQ2深度学习模型在多大程度上可消除闪蒸计算中对单独稳定性测试的需求?
- RQ3训练数据集的大小如何影响深度学习模型的精度与效率?
- RQ4在所提出的深度学习框架中,训练成本与预测速度之间的权衡如何?
- RQ5训练后的模型能否在不同储层流体组成和相态(单相、气液两相)之间实现良好泛化?
主要发现
- 在测试条件下,深度神经网络模型的预测速度比传统迭代闪蒸计算快达244倍。
- 该模型无需单独的稳定性测试,即可成功识别单相(气相或液相)和两相(气液)状态。
- 当训练数据量为201×201时,模型达到良好精度,与301×301基准相比仅出现轻微波动,表明在中等数据量后收益递减。
- 通过与迭代闪蒸结果对比验证,该模型在Bakken和Eagle Ford原油中包含C1、C2、C5–C6、C7+和C13+等多种组分的情况下,均保持高精度。
- 尽管训练时间与迭代闪蒸计算相当,但一次性离线训练可实现重复的超快速推理,因此非常适用于大规模组分模拟。
- 该方法在加速复杂系统中相平衡计算方面展现出强大潜力,未来还可扩展至纳米孔等受限环境。
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