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[论文解读] Accessibility or Usability of InteractSE? A Heuristic Based Approach to Evaluate Proposed Search Engine for the Visually Impaired Users.

Aboubakr Aqle, Kamran Khowaja|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 29, 2018
Digital Accessibility for Disabilities被引用 2
一句话总结

本文提出 InteractSE,一种专为视障(VI)用户设计的交互式搜索引擎界面,利用形式概念分析(FCA)从搜索结果中提取并突出显示关键概念,从而减轻认知负担。通过尼尔森启发式评估和 WCAG 2.0 标准进行评估,系统显示出轻微严重程度的问题,其中一致性与文档说明(尼尔森)以及可区分性、可导航性与可操作性(WCAG)是违反频率最高的原则。

ABSTRACT

Internet is the main source of information nowadays. The search engines must have various alternative manners for the search results representation. These representation methods will enable the end users especially the Visually Impaired VI web searchers to access the information on the web. The aim of this paper is design, evaluate and improve the interface for the VI users to perform search and browse results. This attempt provides a new accessibility tool for the VI web searchers. The conceptual modelling technique proposed in this paper is based on the Formal Concept Analysis FCA that hides the detailed information for the collected data results. This approach highlights the main discovered concepts to be focused on. That is combined with context interactive navigation, in an interface called Interactive Search Engine (InteractSE), which minimize the time and effort required by the VI users. There is no standardised set of guidelines or heuristics, which can be used for the evaluation of usability and accessibility aspects of such an interface. Therefore, interactSE was evaluated with experts using Nielsen heuristics and Web Content Accessibility Guidelines WCAG 2.0 in terms of both usability and accessibility. The analysis was carried out based on the number of usability problems identified and their average severity ratings. The results show that the most frequently violated heuristics from the Nielsen set are consistency and documentation. The average severity rating of all the problems found using Nielsen set is minor. The results also show that the most frequently violated WCAG 2.0 guidelines are distinguishable, followed by navigable and affordance. The average severity rating of all the problems found using WCAG 2.0 guidelines is also minor. The results show that Nielsen heuristics and WCAG 2.0 guidelines both contributed in identifying a number of usability problems.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决现有搜索引擎在视障(VI)用户中的可访问性与可用性受限的问题。
  • 设计一种交互式搜索界面(InteractSE),通过基于概念的结果呈现方式,减少视障用户的操作与时间成本。
  • 使用既定的评估框架,对 InteractSE 的可用性与可访问性进行评估。
  • 识别并优先处理面向视障用户的搜索界面中的可用性与可访问性问题。

提出的方法

  • 采用形式概念分析(FCA)从搜索结果中抽象并突出核心概念,以最小化信息过载。
  • 设计一种交互式导航系统(InteractSE),支持视障用户高效、上下文感知的浏览。
  • 应用尼尔森的 10 条可用性启发式原则,评估用户界面的可用性方面。
  • 使用网页内容可访问性指南(WCAG)2.0 评估可访问性合规性。
  • 通过专家评估,对可用性问题及其严重程度进行量化打分。
  • 整合两种评估框架的结果,识别重复出现的问题并优先排序改进措施。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1InteractSE 在提升视障用户搜索可用性与可访问性方面的有效性如何?
  • RQ2InteractSE 界面中最常违反的尼尔森启发式原则是哪些?其问题严重程度如何?
  • RQ3InteractSE 界面中最常违反的 WCAG 2.0 指南是哪些?其问题严重程度如何?
  • RQ4尼尔森启发式与 WCAG 2.0 在识别面向视障用户的搜索界面可用性与可访问性问题方面,其联合贡献程度如何?

主要发现

  • 最常违反的尼尔森启发式原则是‘一致性’,其次是‘文档说明’,所有识别出的可用性问题的平均严重程度为轻微。
  • 最常违反的 WCAG 2.0 指南是‘可区分性’,其次是‘可导航性’与‘可操作性’,所有识别出的问题的平均严重程度为轻微。
  • 尼尔森启发式与 WCAG 2.0 均有效识别出 InteractSE 界面中的可用性与可访问性问题。
  • 评估结果表明,尽管界面表现尚可,但在视觉与交互清晰度方面仍需改进,以更好地支持视障用户。
  • 结合使用可用性与可访问性启发式方法,提供了对界面缺陷的全面评估。
  • 结果表明,InteractSE 中基于 FCA 的概念提取成功减少了信息过载,但界面反馈与导航提示仍需进一步优化。

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