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[论文解读] Accumulating Evidence for the Associated Production of a New Higgs Boson at the Large Hadron Collider

Andreas Crivellin, Y. Fang|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 6, 2021
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies参考文献 1被引用 9
一句话总结

本文结合ATLAS与CMS的数据,提出存在一种质量为151.5 GeV的新标量希格斯玻色子S的证据,该玻色子与光子、Z玻色子或缺失能量共同产生。该状态的全局显著性为3.9σ(局部显著性为4.3σ),表明存在新物理的强烈迹象,可能与暗物质相关,并可解释多重轻子异常现象。

ABSTRACT

In the last decades, the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics has been extensively tested and confirmed, with the announced discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 being the last missing puzzle piece. Even though since then the search for new particles and interactions has been further intensified, the experiments ATLAS and CMS at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN did not find evidence for the direct production of a new state. However, in recent years deviations between LHC data and SM predictions in multiple observables involving two or more leptons (electrons or muons) have emerged, the so-called ``multi-lepton anomalies'', pointing towards the existence of a beyond the SM Higgs boson $S$. While from these measurements its mass cannot be exactly determined, it is estimated to lay in the range between $130\,$GeV and $160\,$GeV. Motivated by this observation, we perform a search for signatures of $S$, by using existing CMS and ATLAS analyses. Combining channels involving the associate productions of SM gauge bosons ($γγ$ and $Zγ$), we find that a simplified model with a new scalar with $m_S= 151.5\,$GeV is preferred over the SM hypothesis by 4.3$σ$ (3.9$σ$) locally (globally). On the face of it, this provides a good indication for the existence of a new scalar resonance $S$ decaying into photons, in association with missing energy and allows for a connection to the long-standing problem of Dark Matter. Furthermore, because $S$ is always produced together with other particles, we postulate the existence of a second new (heavier) Higgs boson $H$ that decays into $S$ and propose novel searches to discover this particle, which can be performed by ATLAS and CMS.

研究动机与目标

  • 研究LHC中多重轻子末态的异常现象,这些现象暗示了标准模型之外的新物理。
  • 检验这些异常是否可由一个新标量希格斯玻色子S衰变为光子或Z玻色子来解释。
  • 在现有的ATLAS和CMS对标准模型希格斯玻色子搜索通道的分析中,寻找S的证据。
  • 基于关联产生信号,提出针对更重的希格斯玻色子H衰变为S的新搜索策略。
  • 将观测到的信号与暗物质等未解问题,以及μ子g-2的异常现象联系起来。

提出的方法

  • 作者对多个LHC搜索通道(包括γγ、Zγ、bb̄、ℓℓγ和缺失能量末态)进行了联合统计拟合。
  • 利用现有ATLAS和CMS对标准模型希格斯玻色子搜索的分析结果,重新解释为质量为mS = 151.5 GeV的新标量S。
  • 对背景进行重新拟合,以考虑潜在的新物理贡献,信号模板来自简化模型。
  • 采用全局轮廓似然方法,将两个实验的结果合并,以计算显著性。
  • 提出对不对称末态如γγbb̄和τ⁺τ⁻bb̄进行分析,以探测S → bb̄衰变模式及Br(H → Sh)。
  • 研究涵盖130–160 GeV范围,重点关注151.5 GeV附近的潜在过剩,以及138 GeV处的微小过剩。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1LHC数据中观测到的多重轻子异常是否可由质量约为150 GeV的新标量希格斯玻色子S来解释?
  • RQ2在现有的ATLAS和CMS数据中,是否存在S与光子、Z玻色子或缺失能量关联产生的证据?
  • RQ3能否通过多个衰变通道的联合分析,量化新标量S的信号强度和显著性?
  • RQ4观测到的过剩对更重的希格斯玻色子H衰变为S的存在有何影响?
  • RQ5新标量S是否可与暗物质或其他未解现象(如μ子g-2的异常)相关联?

主要发现

  • 质量为151.5 GeV的新标量玻色子S在局部显著性为4.3σ、全局显著性为3.9σ的情况下,优于标准模型假设。
  • 该信号在γγ和Zγ末态中最为显著,且S衰变为光子及伴随缺失能量的偏好显著。
  • 分析揭示了138 GeV附近的微小过剩,若得到证实,将进一步增强151.5 GeV信号的显著性。
  • 研究表明S → bb̄衰变模式是可能的,但非必需,建议通过γγbb̄和τ⁺τ⁻bb̄等非对称搜索来检验该模式。
  • 结果与一个更重的希格斯玻色子H衰变为S和标准模型希格斯玻色子的场景一致,为解释多重轻子异常提供了机制。
  • 研究结果还为通过包含右手中微子的2HDM+ S模型解释暗物质和μ子g-2的异常现象开辟了新路径。

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