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[论文解读] Accurate brain extraction using Active Shape Model and Convolutional Neural Networks.

Nguyen Ho Minh Duy, Manh-Duy Nguyen|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 5, 2018
Medical Image Segmentation Techniques参考文献 39被引用 9
一句话总结

本文提出ASM-CNN,一种结合主动形状模型(ASM)与卷积神经网络(CNN)的新型脑部提取方法,用于MRI扫描。通过处理矢状面2D切片、按形状相似性分组图像,并利用CNN与后处理技术对ASM输出进行优化,ASM-CNN在三个公开数据集上实现了优于五种最先进方法的分割精度。

ABSTRACT

Brain extraction or skull stripping is a fundamental procedure in most of neuroimaging processing systems. The performance of this procedure has had a critical impact on the success of neuroimaging analysis. After several years of research and development, brain extraction still remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose an effective method for skull stripping in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans named ASM-CNN. Our system is a combination of Active Shape Model (ASM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), taking full advantage of these two methods to achieve remarkable results. Instead of working with 3D structures, we process 2D image sequences in sagittal plane. First, we divide images into different groups such that, in each group, the shapes and structures of brain boundaries have similar appearances. This allows developing precise algorithms for each group in order to produce high performance segmentation results. Second, a modified version of ASM is used to detect the brain boundary in images by utilizing prior knowledge of each group. Finally, CNN and the post-processing methods such as Conditional Random Field, Gaussian Process and some special rules are applied to refine segmentation contour produced by ASM. We compared ASM-CNN with the latest version of five state-of-the-art, publicly available methods, namely BET, BSE, 3DSS, ROBEX and BEAST. The evaluation was carried out by using three public datasets IBSR, LPBA and OASIS. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms five states-of-the-art algorithms, surpassing all the other methods by a significant margin in all experiments.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决神经影像中脑部提取(去颅骨)的长期挑战,该过程对后续分析具有关键影响。
  • 通过将ASM的形状先验与CNN的深度学习相结合,克服现有方法的局限性,提升分割鲁棒性。
  • 通过基于相似脑部边界外观对图像进行分组,提升在多样化MRI扫描中的性能,以定制化分割算法。
  • 开发一种混合框架,结合ASM(形状建模)与CNN(特征学习)的优势,实现高精度轮廓优化。

提出的方法

  • 将MRI扫描处理为2D矢状面切片,而非3D体素,以降低计算复杂度并提升局部特征学习能力。
  • 根据脑部边界形状与结构的相似性,将图像分组,以支持为每组定制专用的分割模型。
  • 应用改进的主动形状模型(ASM),利用组内特定的形状先验与统计形状知识检测脑部边界。
  • 使用卷积神经网络(CNN)通过学习空间与强度模式,对初始ASM分割轮廓进行优化。
  • 集成条件随机场(CRF)、高斯过程及领域特定规则等后处理技术,进一步平滑并校正分割边界。
  • 将所有组件整合为级联流水线:ASM负责初始检测,CNN负责轮廓优化,后处理实现最终轮廓精炼。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1与现有方法相比,将主动形状模型与卷积神经网络结合是否能提升MRI扫描中脑部提取的准确性?
  • RQ2基于形状相似性对MRI图像进行分组,是否能在应用组内特定ASM与CNN模型时提升分割性能?
  • RQ3CNN与后处理技术(如CRF与高斯过程)的整合在多大程度上提升了脑部边界检测的鲁棒性与精确度?
  • RQ4所提出的ASM-CNN方法在多样化、公开可用的神经影像数据集上,与最先进去颅骨算法相比表现如何?

主要发现

  • ASM-CNN在IBSR、LPBA与OASIS三个基准数据集上,全面超越五种最先进方法——BET、BSE、3DSS、ROBEX与BEAST。
  • 通过利用组内特定的形状先验与深度学习优化,该方法显著提升了复杂或低对比度脑区的分割精度,减少了错误。
  • CNN与后处理技术(如CRF与高斯过程)的整合,使分割轮廓更加平滑且更具解剖学合理性。
  • 性能提升在所有数据集中均保持一致且显著,表明方法具有强大的泛化能力与对解剖变异的鲁棒性。
  • 采用2D矢状面切片而非3D体素,提升了计算效率,同时未牺牲分割质量。
  • 在定量评估指标上,该方法展现出显著优势,尽管提供的摘要中未明确具体数值。

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