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[论文解读] Accurate location estimation of moving object with energy constraint & adaptive update algorithms to save data

Vijay Bhaskar Semwal, Karthik Kumar|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 5, 2011
Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks参考文献 9被引用 13
一句话总结

本文提出一种节能、自适应的定位协议,仅使用三个传感器节点,通过 Voronoi 图和基于预测的主动更新算法,实现对无线传感器网络中移动目标的定位,最大限度减少数据传输和能量消耗。该方法在各种移动模式下均能实现高精度定位估计,同时降低网络开销并延长网络寿命。

ABSTRACT

In research paper "Accurate estimation of the target location of object with energy constraint & Adaptive Update Algorithms to Save Data" one of the central issues in sensor networks is track the location, of moving object which have overhead of saving data, an accurate estimation of the target location of object with energy constraint .We do not have any mechanism which control and maintain data .The wireless communication bandwidth is also very limited. Some field which is using this technique are flood and typhoon detection, forest fire detection, temperature and humidity and ones we have these information use these information back to a central air conditioning and ventilation system. In this research paper, we propose protocol based on the prediction and adaptive based algorithm which is using less sensor node reduced by an accurate estimation of the target location. we are using minimum three sensor node to get the accurate position .We can extend it upto four or five to find more accurate location but we have energy constraint so we are using three with accurate estimation of location help us to reduce sensor node..We show that our tracking method performs well in terms of energy saving regardless of mobility pattern of the mobile target .We extends the life time of network with less sensor node. Once a new object is detected, a mobile agent will be initiated to track the roaming path of the object. The agent is mobile since it will choose the sensor closest to the object to stay. The agent may invite some nearby slave sensors to cooperatively position the object and inhibit other irrelevant (i.e., farther) sensors from tracking the object. As a result, the communication and sensing overheads are greatly reduced.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决在电池寿命有限的无线传感器网络中,对移动目标进行精确、节能跟踪的挑战。
  • 通过在跟踪过程中最小化活跃传感器节点的数量,降低数据传输和感知开销。
  • 通过使用自适应更新算法和智能节点选择,延长网络寿命。
  • 在严格能量约束下保持高定位精度。
  • 开发一种可扩展、低开销的解决方案,适用于多种不同的移动模式。

提出的方法

  • 采用基于 Voronoi 图的方法,根据传感器节点与移动目标的接近程度,确定最优的定位节点选择。
  • 部署一个移动代理,迁移到目标最近的传感器节点,减少冗余感知和通信。
  • 应用主动更新算法,仅选择并激活附近的相关传感器节点(从属节点)进行跟踪,抑制远距离或无关节点的激活。
  • 利用捎带技术将数据转发至相邻节点,降低数据丢失和存储开销。
  • 采用三维线性预测模型,估算目标的未来位置,减少频繁感知和报告。
  • 在基于 C#.NET 的仿真器(Trisim)中部署四层架构(业务层、用户界面层、数据库层、仿真层),用于测试与验证。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在能量受限条件下,仅使用三个传感器节点能否实现对移动目标的精确定位?
  • RQ2所提出的自适应更新算法在无线传感器网络中如何降低通信与感知开销?
  • RQ3基于移动代理的跟踪机制在不同移动模型下,对能量效率的提升程度如何?
  • RQ4捎带技术如何提升网络中的数据可靠性并减少存储开销?
  • RQ5在所提出的系统中,定位精度与活跃传感器节点数量之间的权衡关系如何?

主要发现

  • 所提方法仅使用三个传感器节点即可实现精确的目标定位,显著降低硬件与能耗成本。
  • 仿真结果表明,三节点定位方案在能量效率和网络寿命方面优于四节点配置。
  • 无论在随机路径(Random Waypoint)还是高斯-马尔可夫(Gauss-Markov)模型等不同移动模式下,系统均保持高精度与低开销。
  • 捎带技术有效减少数据丢失与存储开销,提升可靠性,且未增加通信负载。
  • 移动代理机制通过动态选择最近的活跃节点,成功最小化了冗余感知与通信。
  • 随着网络规模增大,网络负载上升,但 DB 传感器极(DB sensor mote)在保持低负载与高精度方面表现最佳。

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