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[论文解读] Achievable Rate Analyses and Phase Shift Optimizations on Intelligent Reflecting Surface with Hardware Impairments

Zhe Xing, Rui Wang|arXiv (Cornell University)|May 29, 2020
Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies参考文献 46被引用 7
一句话总结

本文分析了在智能反射面(IRS)辅助系统中,IRS与收发器均存在硬件非理想(HWI)时的可实现速率及相位移优化。通过推导平均可实现速率和IRS效用的闭式表达式,并将非凸优化问题转化为半定规划(SDP),研究结果表明,尽管存在HWI导致的性能退化,当反射单元数量较多或发射功率较高时,IRS仍可优于传统解码转发(DF)中继。

ABSTRACT

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is envisioned as a promising hardware solution to hardware cost and energy consumption in the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication network. It exhibits great advantages in enhancing data transmission, but may suffer from performance degradation caused by inherent hardware impairment (HWI). For analysing the achievable rate (ACR) and optimizing the phase shifts in the IRS-aided wireless communication system with HWI, we consider that the HWI appears at both the IRS and the signal transceivers. On this foundation, first, we derive the closed-form expression of the average ACR and the IRS utility. Then, we formulate optimization problems to optimize the IRS phase shifts by maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver side, and obtain the solution by transforming non-convex problems into semidefinite programming (SDP) problems. Subsequently, we compare the IRS with the conventional decode-and-forward (DF) relay in terms of the ACR and the utility. Finally, we carry out simulations to verify the theoretical analysis, and evaluate the impact of the channel estimation errors and residual phase noises on the optimization performance. Our results reveal that the HWI reduces the ACR and the IRS utility, and begets more serious performance degradation with more reflecting elements. Although the HWI has an impact on the IRS, it still leaves opportunities for the IRS to surpass the conventional DF relay, when the number of reflecting elements is large enough or the transmitting power is sufficiently high.

研究动机与目标

  • 分析硬件非理想(HWI)对IRS辅助无线系统中可实现速率和IRS效用的影响。
  • 在IRS和收发器处建模HWI效应,以捕捉实际硬件限制。
  • 制定并求解非凸相位移优化问题,通过半定规划(SDP)最大化接收信噪比(SNR)。
  • 从可实现速率和效用角度,将IRS性能与传统解码转发(DF)中继进行比较。
  • 评估信道估计误差和残留相位噪声对优化性能的影响。

提出的方法

  • 推导在IRS与收发器联合存在HWI条件下的平均可实现速率(ACR)闭式表达式。
  • 引入IRS效用度量以量化在硬件约束下的系统性能。
  • 将非凸相位移优化问题转化为可解的半定规划(SDP)问题。
  • 应用半定松弛与秩一分解技术以恢复可行的相位移解。
  • 通过蒙特卡洛仿真验证理论ACR表达式的准确性,并评估对信道估计误差和残留相位噪声的鲁棒性。
  • 在相同系统条件下,将IRS性能与传统解码转发(DF)中继进行比较。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1IRS与收发器处的硬件非理想如何影响IRS辅助系统中的可实现速率和IRS效用?
  • RQ2在硬件非理想条件下,何种最优相位移配置可使接收端信噪比(SNR)最大化?
  • RQ3在何种条件下,IRS可在可实现速率和效用方面超越传统解码转发(DF)中继?
  • RQ4信道估计误差和残留相位噪声如何降低IRS系统中相位移优化的性能?
  • RQ5反射单元数量如何影响硬件非理想对系统性能的影响?

主要发现

  • 硬件非理想会降低可实现速率和IRS效用,且随着反射单元数量增加,性能退化更加严重。
  • 尽管存在硬件非理想导致的性能退化,当反射单元数量足够大时,IRS仍可优于传统解码转发(DF)中继。
  • 在发射功率足够高的情况下,即使存在硬件非理想,IRS的可实现速率仍高于DF中继。
  • 硬件非理想的影响在反射单元数量较多的系统中更为显著,表明此类条件下需采用鲁棒设计。
  • 信道估计误差和残留相位噪声会降低优化性能,但所提出的基于SDP的方法仍保持合理的鲁棒性。
  • 推导出的平均可实现速率闭式表达式与仿真结果高度吻合,验证了理论分析的准确性。

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