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[论文解读] Active quantum flocks

Reyhaneh Khasseh, Sascha Wald|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 3, 2023
Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates被引用 4
一句话总结

本文提出了一类主动量子蜂群——非平衡量子多体系统,其中在一维晶格上的硬核任意Anyons通过定向耗散与量子自旋翻转动力学的结合,表现出集体的、相干的运动。关键发现是长程量子相干性与自发极化对称性破缺,表明在大尺度上出现了具有弹道、相干运动的量子蜂群,可在里德堡原子阵列中实现。

ABSTRACT

Flocks of animals represent a fascinating archetype of collective behavior in the macroscopic classical world, where the constituents, such as birds, concertedly perform motions and actions as if being one single entity. Here, we address the outstanding question of whether flocks can also form in the microscopic world at the quantum level. For that purpose, we introduce the concept of active quantum matter by formulating a class of models of active quantum particles on a one-dimensional lattice. We provide both analytical and large-scale numerical evidence that these systems can give rise to quantum flocks. A key finding is that these flocks, unlike classical ones, exhibit distinct quantum properties by developing strong quantum coherence over long distances. We propose that quantum flocks could be experimentally observed in Rydberg atom arrays. Our work paves the way towards realizing the intriguing collective behaviors of biological active particles in quantum matter systems. We expect that this opens up a path towards a yet totally unexplored class of nonequilibrium quantum many-body systems with unique properties.

研究动机与目标

  • 探讨集体运动行为(如鸟群等经典活性物质的典型行为)是否能在量子系统中出现。
  • 通过为晶格上的量子粒子定义动力学过程,建立主动量子物质的理论框架。
  • 识别并表征具有独特量子相干性与对称性破缺的量子蜂群相。
  • 在经典活性物质与量子多体物理之间建立桥梁,为非平衡量子系统开辟新途径。

提出的方法

  • 构建一个两组分硬核任意Anyons在一维晶格上的模型,其中以速率Γ引入定向耗散(左行↑,右行↓)。
  • 引入幅度为h的相干自旋翻转过程,以实现量子动力学与纠缠。
  • 引入一种依赖于局域磁化的条件性耗散自旋翻转过程,以实现对齐与聚类。
  • 使用林德布拉德主方程描述开放量子动力学,并在热力学极限下推导出粗粒化流体动力学描述。
  • 通过1000条轨迹的数值模拟计算布丁累积量U(t),并分析对称性破缺。
  • 对密度与磁化强度进行高斯涨落分析,推导出粗粒化动力学的随机偏微分方程。
Figure 1: Active quantum flocks. A The introduced model for active quantum matter involves two species of hard-core bosons ( $\uparrow,\downarrow)$ on a one-dimensional lattice subject to three types of dynamical processes. The particles perform a dissipative directed motion at a rate $\Gamma$ with
Figure 1: Active quantum flocks. A The introduced model for active quantum matter involves two species of hard-core bosons ( $\uparrow,\downarrow)$ on a one-dimensional lattice subject to three types of dynamical processes. The particles perform a dissipative directed motion at a rate $\Gamma$ with

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在量子多体系统中,能否出现类似于经典蜂群的集体、相干运动?
  • RQ2哪些量子特性使此类量子蜂群与经典对应物相区别?
  • RQ3在具有主动动力学的非平衡量子系统中,量子相干性如何体现?
  • RQ4量子相干性与对称性破缺在稳定主动量子物质中长程序的作用是什么?

主要发现

  • 当量子幅度较弱(h=0.2)时,布丁累积量U在大系统尺寸下趋近于2/3,表明自发极化对称性破缺与长程序,特征为量子蜂群相。
  • 当h较强(h=3.0)时,随着系统尺寸增大,布丁累积量趋于零,表明无长程序的无序相。
  • 粗粒化动力学中存在稳定的行进域壁解,表明粒子团簇具有持续的相干运动。
  • 数值模拟显示,带有弱噪声的均匀初始态会演化为行进波图案,证实均匀态的不稳定性与蜂群行为的涌现。
  • 粗粒化流体动力学方程表明,密度与磁化强度的高斯涨落对行进域壁的稳定性和动力学有贡献。
  • 该模型预测,量子蜂群可在里德堡原子阵列中实现,为观测提供可行的实验平台。
Figure 2: Phase diagram. Numerically obtained phase diagram with indicated error bars as a function of the alignment parameter $K$ and the quantum amplitude $h$ including representative many-body configurations. The numerical uncertainty for the estimate of the phase transition points is indicated b
Figure 2: Phase diagram. Numerically obtained phase diagram with indicated error bars as a function of the alignment parameter $K$ and the quantum amplitude $h$ including representative many-body configurations. The numerical uncertainty for the estimate of the phase transition points is indicated b

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