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[论文解读] Agrivoltaic Farm Design: Vertical Bifacial vs. Tilted Monofacial Photovoltaic Panels

Rehan Younas, Hassan Imran|arXiv (Cornell University)|Oct 2, 2019
Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability被引用 17
一句话总结

本研究提出采用东/西(E/W)垂直双面光伏(PV)板用于农光互补(AV)农业,证明其相较于标准的北/南(N/S)固定倾角面板,能显著提升日均光照分布的空间均匀性。在拉合尔地区,E/W垂直双面系统在略低于标准太阳能农场的PV面密度下,实现约5%更高的土地生产力,且对尘埃遮蔽损失具有较强韧性,但当面密度较高时,由于相互遮蔽导致性能下降。

ABSTRACT

An unprecedented demand for Food, Energy, and Water (FEW) over coming decades require integrated FEW innovations with least environmental footprint. Collocating solar photovoltaic (PV) technology with agriculture is a promising approach towards dual land productivity that could locally fulfil growing food and energy demands. This 'agrivoltaic' (AV) solution can be highly suitable for hot and arid climates where an optimized solar panel coverage could prevent excessive thermal stress thereby increasing the crop yield and lowering the water budget. One of the concerns with using standard fixed tilt solar array structure that faces north/south (N/S) direction for AV farming is the spatial heterogeneity in the daily sunlight distribution for crops and soil water contents, both of which could affect crop yield. Dynamic tilt control through a tracking system can eliminate this problem but could increase the system cost and complexity. Here, we investigate east/west (E/W) faced vertical bifacial panel structure for AV farming and show that this could provide a much better spatial homogeneity for daily sunlight distribution relative to the fixed tilt N/S faced PV structure implying a better suitability for monoculture cropping. By modeling PV energy and crop yield under varying density (row to row pitch) for PV arrays and shade tolerances for crops, we show that E/W vertical bifacial panels can provide ~5% better land productivity as compared to N/S faced fixed tilt panels for Lahore (31.520N, 74.358E) when PV array density is slightly lower than that of a standard solar farm. In contrast, when PV arrays are denser than the standard, land productivity for E/W vertical bifacial panels degrades due to mutual shading. These results, together with high inherent resilience to soiling (dust accumulation) losses for E/W vertical bifacial panels, indicate their attractive prospects for AV applications.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决标准北/南(N/S)固定倾角PV阵列在农光互补系统中导致的光照与土壤湿度空间分布不均问题。
  • 评估东/西(E/W)朝向垂直双面PV面板在不同PV阵列密度下对单一种植作物生产的适用性。
  • 在拉合尔地区真实气候与作物条件下,比较E/W垂直双面与N/S固定倾角PV系统的土地生产力。
  • 评估在不同PV阵列密度下,相互遮蔽与尘埃遮蔽损失对系统性能的影响。
  • 识别最大化农光互补农业双重利用生产力的最优PV阵列密度。

提出的方法

  • 采用三维光线追踪方法,模拟E/W垂直与N/S固定倾角PV配置在作物行间的日均太阳辐射分布。
  • 基于作物特定的遮荫耐受阈值,模拟不同日均PAR(光合有效辐射)暴露模式下的作物产量响应。
  • 将土地生产力量化为单位面积的综合能量产量(kWh/m²/year)与作物产量(kg/m²/year)之和。
  • 通过改变PV阵列的行间距(密度),分析相互遮蔽效应,并计算行间遮蔽损失。
  • 基于面板朝向纳入尘埃积累损失估算,假设E/W垂直面板因具备自清洁潜力而灰尘积累较少。
  • 针对拉合尔(31.520°N, 74.358°E)开展标准与高密度PV阵列配置下的对比模拟。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1与N/S固定倾角面板相比,采用E/W垂直双面PV面板时,作物行间日均光照的空间分布如何变化?
  • RQ2在使用E/W垂直双面PV面板的农光互补系统中,最大化土地生产力的最优PV阵列密度是多少?
  • RQ3当PV阵列密度超过标准太阳能农场配置时,相互遮蔽如何影响能量与作物产量?
  • RQ4在干旱气候下,E/W垂直双面PV系统与N/S固定倾角PV系统之间的尘埃遮蔽损失差异有多大?
  • RQ5在真实作物与气候条件下,E/W垂直双面PV系统相较于N/S固定倾角系统,土地生产力的相对增益是多少?

主要发现

  • 与N/S固定倾角面板相比,E/W垂直双面PV面板在作物行间实现了显著更优的日均光照空间均匀性,降低了微气候变异性。
  • 在拉合尔地区,当PV阵列密度略低于标准太阳能农场水平时,E/W垂直双面系统较N/S固定倾角系统实现约5%更高的土地生产力。
  • 当PV阵列密度超过标准太阳能农场水平时,E/W垂直双面面板的土地生产力因相互遮蔽加剧而下降。
  • E/W垂直双面面板固有的抗尘埃遮蔽损失特性,显著提升了其长期性能,更适用于干旱多尘环境。
  • 更优的光照分布与更低的遮蔽异质性,使E/W垂直双面面板特别适用于单一种植作物系统。
  • 本研究证实,垂直双面PV系统可在炎热干旱气候下,以最小环境足迹,同时实现高作物产量与稳定的能量产出。

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