[论文解读] AI and 6G into the Metaverse: Fundamentals, Challenges and Future Research Trends

Muhammad Zawish, Fayaz Ali Dharejo+5 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 23, 2022

Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies被引用 20

一句话总结

本综述分析了人工智能 (AI) 和 6G 如何为元宇宙体验赋能，探讨 AR/VR/空间计算、边缘 AI、可持续性、使用场景以及未来研究方向。

ABSTRACT

Since Facebook was renamed Meta, a lot of attention, debate, and exploration have intensified about what the Metaverse is, how it works, and the possible ways to exploit it. It is anticipated that Metaverse will be a continuum of rapidly emerging technologies, usecases, capabilities, and experiences that will make it up for the next evolution of the Internet. Several researchers have already surveyed the literature on artificial intelligence (AI) and wireless communications in realizing the Metaverse. However, due to the rapid emergence and continuous evolution of technologies, there is a need for a comprehensive and in-depth survey of the role of AI, 6G, and the nexus of both in realizing the immersive experiences of Metaverse. Therefore, in this survey, we first introduce the background and ongoing progress in augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR) and spatial computing, followed by the technical aspects of AI and 6G. Then, we survey the role of AI in the Metaverse by reviewing the state-of-the-art in deep learning, computer vision, and Edge AI to extract the requirements of 6G in Metaverse. Next, we investigate the promising services of B5G/6G towards Metaverse, followed by identifying the role of AI in 6G networks and 6G networks for AI in support of Metaverse applications, and the need for sustainability in Metaverse. Finally, we enlist the existing and potential applications, usecases, and projects to highlight the importance of progress in the Metaverse. Moreover, in order to provide potential research directions to researchers, we underline the challenges, research gaps, and lessons learned identified from the literature review of the aforementioned technologies.

研究动机与目标

• 描述元宇宙的基本组成要素（VR、MR、AR 与 Spatial computing）以奠定技术理解。
• 对元宇宙中的 AI 进行全面综述，以提取 6G 的需求并实现端到端的智能系统。
• 解释 B5G/6G 在实现沉浸式元宇宙体验中的作用并识别它们能提供的服务。
• 探讨 AI 和 6G 在元宇宙中的协同作用，并讨论可持续性、应用、项目、挑战与经验教训。

提出的方法

• 回顾与元宇宙相关的 AI、计算机视觉、学习范式和边缘 AI 的前沿进展。
• 在分层的元宇宙架构中界定 AI 的角色并提取 6G 通信需求。
• 通过 5G-NR、URLLC、mmWave、MEC、THz 通信分析沉浸式体验和全息远场再现及其相互作用。
• 研究 AI 如何在 6G 网络中使用，以及 6G 如何为元宇宙应用提供对 AI 的支持。
• 评估可持续性、潜在应用/用例以及正在进行的项目，以凸显进展和机会。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 在元宇宙的近期需求中，B5G/6G 是否必需，以及它能为元宇宙应用提供哪些服务？
• RQ2 B5G/6G 能为元宇宙带来哪些服务和能力，特别是用于沉浸式体验和全息远程呈现？
• RQ3 如何将 AI 与 6G 整合以实现可持续、普适且低时延的元宇宙体验？
• RQ4 元宇宙部署的可持续性考量，以及潜在的体系结构/技术解决方案？
• RQ5 展示 AI 与 6G 赋能的元宇宙进展的关键应用、用例和项目有哪些？

主要发现

• AI 和 6G 共同能够为元宇宙实现普遍智能、触觉反馈和自我优化能力。
• 6G 目标是 Tbps 数据速率、亚毫秒级延迟，以及广域的移动性支持，以满足元宇宙需求。
• 边缘计算和边缘 AI 可以降低时延并解决隐私问题，提升元宇宙服务的用户体验（QoE）。
• 识别出广泛的应用和用例，以及正在进行的项目和示范，显示出实际进展。
• 本综述指出了挑战、差距和经验教训，为未来 AI-6G-元宇宙 整合的研究指明方向。