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[论文解读] AlphaFold Accelerates Artificial Intelligence Powered Drug Discovery: Efficient Discovery of a Novel Cyclin-dependent Kinase 20 (CDK20) Small Molecule Inhibitor

Feng Ren, Xiao Ding|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 21, 2022
Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research被引用 9
一句话总结

本研究首次将AlphaFold预测的蛋白质结构应用于AI驱动的新型药物靶点CDK20的先导化合物识别,借助PandaOmics与Chemistry42的集成平台,仅在30天内并合成7种化合物后,便鉴定出首个同类首创的先导化合物(ISM042-2-001),其Kd为8.9 ± 1.6 µM。随后进行第二轮筛选,经额外合成6种化合物后,获得更高效的化合物(ISM042-2-048),其Kd为210.0 ± 42.4 nM。

ABSTRACT

The AlphaFold computer program predicted protein structures for the whole human genome, which has been considered as a remarkable breakthrough both in artificial intelligence (AI) application and structural biology. Despite the varying confidence level, these predicted structures still could significantly contribute to structure-based drug design of novel targets, especially the ones with no or limited structural information. In this work, we successfully applied AlphaFold in our end-to-end AI-powered drug discovery engines constituted of a biocomputational platform PandaOmics and a generative chemistry platform Chemistry42, to identify a first-in-class hit molecule of a novel target without an experimental structure starting from target selection towards hit identification in a cost- and time-efficient manner. PandaOmics provided the targets of interest and Chemistry42 generated the molecules based on the AlphaFold predicted structure, and the selected molecules were synthesized and tested in biological assays. Through this approach, we identified a small molecule hit compound for CDK20 with a Kd value of 8.9 +/- 1.6 uM (n = 4) within 30 days from target selection and after only synthesizing 7 compounds. Based on the available data, the second round of AI-powered compound generation was conducted and through which, a more potent hit molecule, ISM042-2 048, was discovered with a Kd value of 210.0 +/- 42.4 nM (n = 2), within 30 days and after synthesizing 6 compounds from the discovery of the first hit ISM042-2-001. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported small molecule targeting CDK20 and more importantly, this work is the first demonstration of AlphaFold application in the hit identification process in early drug discovery.

研究动机与目标

  • 利用AI驱动平台加速缺乏实验结构的新型靶点的早期药物发现。
  • 评估AlphaFold预测的蛋白质结构在难以成药或表征不足的靶点中基于结构的药物设计中的实用性。
  • 证明在时间与成本效率方面,端到端AI驱动发现小分子抑制剂针对新靶点CDK20的可行性。
  • 通过计算与实验验证,识别出首个针对与肝细胞癌(HCC)相关的CDK20激酶的同类首创小分子抑制剂。

提出的方法

  • 利用PandaOmics基于1133例HCC与674例健康样本的多组学数据,将CDK20优先确定为新型治疗靶点。
  • 采用AlphaFold预测CDK20的三维结构,并使用局部距离差异测试(LDDT)评分作为下游建模的置信度指标。
  • 应用Chemistry42(一种生成式化学平台),利用深度强化学习与分子生成技术,设计靶向AlphaFold预测的CDK20结构的新颖小分子。
  • 通过链霉亲和素磁珠亲和富集与qPCR检测,开展体外结合实验,测定合成化合物的Kd值。
  • 采用非线性最小二乘法结合Levenberg-Marquardt算法,将剂量-反应数据拟合至斜率为-1的Hill方程,计算Kd值。
  • 通过两轮迭代的AI驱动化合物生成与实验验证,从靶点选择到先导化合物鉴定,实现端到端流程。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1AlphaFold预测的蛋白质结构是否能够有效支持无实验结构的靶点的基于结构的药物发现?
  • RQ2端到端AI平台在多大程度上可加速针对新型激酶靶点(如CDK20)的小分子抑制剂发现?
  • RQ3在高置信度AlphaFold预测结构的引导下,生成式化学模型能否产生高效且具有选择性的先导化合物?
  • RQ4在新型靶点空间中,使用AI驱动发现方法识别高效先导化合物所需的最少化合物数量是多少?

主要发现

  • 在靶点选择后30天内,鉴定出首个同类首创的小分子CDK20抑制剂ISM042-2-001,其Kd为8.9 ± 1.6 µM(n = 4)。
  • 经过第二轮AI驱动的化合物生成,仅合成6种化合物后即发现更高效的先导化合物ISM042-2-048,其Kd为210.0 ± 42.4 nM(n = 2)。
  • 从靶点选择到先导化合物鉴定的整个发现过程在30天内完成,展现出早期药物发现的极高效率。
  • 本研究首次报道在药物发现的先导化合物识别阶段应用AlphaFold,验证了其在真实治疗开发中的实用性。
  • 尽管CDK20的AlphaFold预测结构存在置信度差异,但仍成功支持了虚拟筛选与全新配体的设计,并获得可测量的结合亲和力。
  • PandaOmics用于靶点优先排序,Chemistry42用于分子生成,实现了针对新靶点的完全自动化、AI原生的药物发现流程。

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