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[论文解读] An AI Based Super Nodes Selection Algorithm in BlockChain Networks

Jianwen Chen, Kai Duan|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 1, 2018
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security参考文献 22被引用 14
一句话总结

本文提出了一种基于人工智能的区块链网络超级节点选择算法,利用卷积神经网络(CNN)和动态阈值机制,根据互补的节点信息识别高性能节点。通过替代工作量证明(Proof-of-Work)的高能耗特性以及权益证明(Proof-of-Stake)的中心化倾向,该方法在避免复杂哈希计算的同时,实现了更快的交易确认速度和更高的安全性。

ABSTRACT

In blockchain systems, especially cryptographic currencies such as Bitcoin, the double-spending and Byzantine-general-like problem are solved by reaching consensus protocols among all nodes. The state-of-the-art protocols include Proof-of-Work, Proof-of-Stake and Delegated-Proof-of-Stake. Proof-of-Work urges nodes to prove their computing power measured in hash rate in a crypto-puzzle solving competition. The other two take into account the amount of stake of each nodes and even design a vote in Delegated-Proof-of-Stake. However, these frameworks have several drawbacks, such as consuming a large number of electricity, leading the whole blockchain to a centralized system and so on. In this paper, we propose the conceptual framework, fundamental theory and research methodology, based on artificial intelligence technology that exploits nearly complementary information of each nodes. And we designed a particular convolutional neural network and a dynamic threshold, which obtained the super nodes and the random nodes, to reach the consensus. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework combines the advantages of Proof-of-Work, Proof-of-Stake and Delegated-Proof-of-Stake by avoiding complicated hash operation and monopoly. Furthermore, it compares favorably to the three state-of-the-art consensus frameworks, in terms of security and the speed of transaction confirmation.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决现有区块链共识协议(如工作量证明和权益证明)中存在的高能耗和中心化风险。
  • 开发一种去中心化、智能化的框架,基于互补的节点信息选择超级节点。
  • 设计一种融合工作量证明(PoW)、权益证明(PoS)和委托权益证明(Delegated-PoS)优势,同时规避其主要缺陷的共识机制。
  • 通过人工智能驱动的节点选择,提升交易确认速度和系统安全性。

提出的方法

  • 该框架采用卷积神经网络(CNN)分析并提取网络中近乎互补的节点信息中的特征。
  • 引入动态阈值机制,根据CNN预测的性能评分将节点分类为超级节点或普通节点。
  • 选择过程设计为自适应,根据网络状态动态调整阈值,以维持去中心化和系统韧性。
  • 共识协议仅使用所选的超级节点来验证交易,从而降低计算开销。
  • 该方法将节点行为、声誉和性能指标作为CNN的输入特征,以提升选择的准确性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1如何利用人工智能智能选择区块链网络中的超级节点,以提升共识效率?
  • RQ2与工作量证明(Proof-of-Work)相比,基于人工智能的选择机制是否能降低能耗,同时保持安全性?
  • RQ3互补节点信息的整合如何提升超级节点选择的可靠性和公平性?
  • RQ4动态阈值机制对去中心化程度及抵抗合谋攻击的能力有何影响?

主要发现

  • 所提出的基于人工智能的框架通过消除工作量证明中计算密集型的哈希操作,显著降低了能耗。
  • 与传统共识机制(包括PoW、PoS和Delegated-PoS)相比,该方法实现了更快的交易确认时间。
  • 通过动态阈值机制实现的智能节点选择,增强了系统对操纵和合谋攻击的抵抗能力,从而提升了安全性。
  • 实验结果表明,该框架在速度和安全性能指标上均优于当前最先进的共识协议。

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