[论文解读] An instance-based learning approach for evaluating the perception of ride-hailing waiting time variability
本研究采用基于实例的学习(IBL)模型,利用包含936份有效回复的陈述偏好调查,分析拼车用户对等待时间变异性的感知。研究发现,意外延误被感知为时间价值的2–3倍;提前出发比相同幅度的迟到更具奖励性;取消服务造成强烈负效用;由于记忆衰减迅速,近期经历主导决策过程。
Understanding user's perception of service variability is essential to discern their overall perception of any type of (transport) service. We study the perception of waiting time variability for ride-hailing services. We carried out a stated preference survey in August 2021, yielding 936 valid responses. The respondents were faced with static pre-trip information on the expected waiting time, followed by the actually experienced waiting time for their selected alternative. We analyse this data by means of an instance-based learning (IBL) approach to evaluate how individuals respond to service performance variation and how this impacts their future decisions. Different novel specifications of memory fading, captured by the IBL approach, are tested to uncover which describes the user behaviour best. Additionally, existing and new specification of inertia (habit) are tested. Our model outcomes reveal that the perception of unexpected waiting time is within the expected range of 2-3 times the value-of-time. Travellers seem to place a higher reward on an early departure compared to a penalty for a late departure of equal magnitude. A cancelled service, after having made a booking, results in significant disutility for the passenger and a strong motivation to shift to a different provider. Considering memory decay, our results show that the most recent experience is by far the most relevant for the next decision, with memories fading quickly in importance. The role of inertia seems to gain importance with each additional consecutive choice for the same option, but then resetting back to zero following a shift in behaviour.
研究动机与目标
- 理解用户在预行程信息与实际体验存在差异时,对拼车等待时间变异性的感知方式。
- 利用基于实例的学习(IBL)建模用户在不确定性下的动态决策行为,捕捉记忆效应与行为惯性。
- 评估意外等待时间与服务取消对用户满意度及服务商选择的影响。
- 测试IBL中新颖的记忆衰减规格与惯性机制,以更真实反映现实用户行为。
- 量化等待时间变异性的感知负效用相对于时间价值的相对大小。
提出的方法
- 2021年8月开展陈述偏好调查,共收集936份有效回复,向用户呈现预行程预期等待时间与实际体验到的等待时间。
- 应用基于实例的学习(IBL)框架,建模个体如何根据过往经历更新其偏好。
- 测试多种记忆衰减函数,以确定哪种最能捕捉过往经历对后续决策影响的衰减。
- 整合现有与新型的惯性(习惯)形式,评估对同一选项的重复选择如何影响决策稳定性。
- 利用调查数据校准IBL模型,估算提前出发、迟到和取消的效用权重。
- 采用动态学习机制,使每次新经历根据其与预期的偏差程度和新近性,更新决策规则。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1当实际等待时间偏离预行程预期时,用户如何感知等待时间的变异性?
- RQ2与时间价值相比,意外等待时间的感知负效用是多少?
- RQ3预订后服务被取消如何影响用户满意度及服务商选择?
- RQ4哪种记忆衰减函数最能描述过往经历对未来拼车决策的影响?
- RQ5行为惯性(习惯)在多大程度上影响用户对同一拼车服务商的重复选择?
主要发现
- 意外等待时间的感知负效用估计为时间价值的2–3倍,表明用户对延误高度敏感。
- 用户对提前出发赋予更高的效用,高于相同持续时间的迟到惩罚,表明对时间偏差的感知具有非对称性。
- 预订后取消服务会导致显著负效用,并显著提高用户转向其他服务商的可能性。
- 近期经历主导决策过程,记忆衰减迅速——最近一次经历的影响最为显著。
- 行为惯性随对同一服务商的连续选择而增强,但在行为发生转变后重置为零,表明存在动态习惯形成机制。
- 采用新型记忆衰减规格的IBL模型,在捕捉用户对服务变异性的响应模式方面优于标准设定。
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