[论文解读] An integrated Josephson circulator and directional amplifier: the triple-pumped JPC
本文展示了一种单个超导微波电路,通过三泵浦约瑟夫森参量转换器(JPC)实现方向性放大器与环形器的双重功能。通过调节泵浦条件,该器件可在模式间动态切换,在放大器模式下实现量子极限噪声性能,在环形器模式下实现完全可逆的循环,从而实现可重构、低损耗的片上非互易信号处理。
Circulators and directional amplifiers are crucial non-reciprocal signal routing and processing components involved in microwave readout chains for a variety of applications. They are particularly important in the field of superconducting quantum information, where the devices also need to have minimal photon losses to preserve the quantum coherence of signals. Conventional commercial implementations of each device suffer from losses and are built from very different physical principles, which has led to separate strategies for the construction of their quantum-limited versions. However, as recently proposed theoretically, by establishing simultaneous pairwise conversion and/or gain processes between three modes of a Josephson-junction based superconducting microwave circuit, it is possible to endow the circuit with the functions of either a phase-preserving directional amplifier or a circulator. Here, we experimentally demonstrate these two modes of operation of the same circuit. Furthermore, in the directional amplifier mode, we show that the noise performance is comparable to standard non-directional superconducting amplifiers, while in the circulator mode, we show that the sense of circulation is fully reversible. Our device is far simpler in both modes of operation than previous proposals and implementations, requiring only three microwave pumps. It offers the advantage of flexibility, as it can dynamically switch between modes of operation as its pump conditions are changed. Moreover, by demonstrating that a single three-wave process yields non-reciprocal devices with reconfigurable functions, our work breaks the ground for the development of future, more-complex directional circuits, and has excellent prospects for on-chip integration.
研究动机与目标
- 将环形器与方向性放大器的功能统一于单个超导微波电路中。
- 克服传统器件因高损耗且基于不同物理原理而带来的局限性。
- 证明单个约瑟夫森结电路中的三波混合过程可实现具有可重构功能的非互易行为。
- 在放大器模式下实现量子极限噪声性能,同时保持低光子损耗以维持量子相干性。
- 通过调节泵浦条件,实现环形器与放大器模式之间的动态切换。
提出的方法
- 利用基于约瑟夫森结的超导微波电路,其中三个微波模式通过非线性参量过程耦合。
- 施加三个独立的微波泵浦,以在三个模式之间同时实现成对转换和/或信号放大。
- 通过调控泵浦频率与幅度,控制信号流的方向性与增益,从而实现放大或循环功能。
- 利用约瑟夫森结的非线性特性,实现三波混合过程,打破时间反演对称性,实现非互易行为。
- 设计电路在两种不同工作模式下运行:一种侧重于相位保持放大,另一种侧重于方向性信号路由。
- 通过在不同泵浦条件下对噪声性能与循环方向性进行实验表征,验证器件功能。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1单个基于约瑟夫森结的电路是否可通过同一物理机制同时支持方向性放大与环形器功能?
- RQ2该器件在方向性放大器模式下的噪声性能与标准非方向性超导放大器相比如何?
- RQ3是否可通过调节泵浦参数实现器件中循环方向的动态反转?
- RQ4该电路架构在不改变结构的前提下,可在多大程度上在放大器与环形器模式间实现可重构?
- RQ5三波混合过程在实现低光子损耗的非互易行为中起到何种作用?
主要发现
- 同一物理电路在方向性放大器模式下表现出与标准非方向性超导放大器相当的噪声性能。
- 在环形器模式下,器件表现出完全可逆的循环行为,其方向可通过调节泵浦条件实现控制。
- 器件实现了低光子损耗,有效保持了量子相干性,这对超导量子信息应用至关重要。
- 该电路仅需三个微波泵浦,显著简化于先前提出的非互易器件方案。
- 通过调节泵浦频率与幅度,可动态实现放大器与环形器模式之间的切换,证明了功能可重构性。
- 实验结果证实,单一三波混合过程可同时实现非互易放大与信号路由,为片上方向性微波电路的集成开辟了新路径。
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