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[论文解读] An optical and H i study of the dwarf Local Group galaxy VV124 = UGC4879. A gas-poor dwarf with a stellar disk?

M. Bellazzini, G. Beccari|Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)|Dec 16, 2010
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena参考文献 92被引用 19
一句话总结

本研究对孤立的本星系群矮星系VV124=UGC4879进行了深度光学测光和H i射电观测,揭示了一道延伸的恒星结构,其形态类似盘状结构,且H i质量极低,约为~10⁶ M☉。该星系被发现为贫气星系(M_HI/L_V = 0.11),距离为1.3±0.1 Mpc,其恒星种群以年老、低金属量恒星为主,表明其可能为在孤立环境中演化、未受外部剥离影响的化石盘星系。

ABSTRACT

We present a detailed study of the dwarf galaxy VV124, recently recognized as a isolated member of the Local Group. We have obtained deep (r=26.5) wide-field g,r photometry of individual stars with the LBT under sub-arcsec seeing conditions. The Color-Magnitude Diagram suggests that the stellar content of the galaxy is dominated by an old, metal-poor population, with a significant metallicity spread. A very clean detection of the RGB tip allows us to derive an accurate distance of D=1.3 +/- 0.1 Mpc. Combining surface photometry with star counts, we are able to trace the surface brightness profile of VV124 out to ~ 5' = 1.9 kpc radius (where mu_r=30 mag/arcsec^2), showing that it is much more extended than previously believed. Moreover, the surface density map reveals the presence of two symmetric flattened wings emanating from the central elongated spheroid and aligned with its major axis, resembling a stellar disk seen nearly edge-on. We also present HI observations obtained with the WSRT, the first ever of this object. A total amount of 10^6 M_sun of HI gas is detected in VV124. Compared to the total luminosity, this gives a value of M_HI/L_V=0.11, which is particularly low for isolated Local Group dwarfs. The spatial distribution of the gas does not correlate with the observed stellar wings. The systemic velocity of the HI in the region superposed to the stellar main body of the galaxy is V_h=-25 km/s. The velocity field shows substructures typical of galaxies of this size but no sign of rotation. The HI spectra indicates the presence of a two-phase interstellar medium, again typical of many dwarf galaxies.

研究动机与目标

  • 利用深度光学测光,确定VV124=UGC4879的真实距离及其恒星种群特性。
  • 鉴于其异常的孤立性与结构特征,研究其恒星盘的存在与否及其形态特征。
  • 测量VV124的H i含量与动力学特性,以评估其气体含量及演化历史。
  • 评估VV124是否为仅通过内部过程演化而来的盘星系化石残余,最终转变为类似dSph的系统。
  • 在无外部剥离机制的条件下,探讨其低H i质量的成因,考虑光致电离与反馈作用的影响。

提出的方法

  • 利用大型双子座望远镜上的LBC相机,在亚角秒视宁条件下获取了单颗恒星的深度g,r波段测光数据。
  • 构建颜色-星等图(CMD),以分析恒星种群,包括用于距离测定的红巨星分支(RGB)拐点。
  • 进行表面测光与星场计数分析,以追踪表面亮度与表面密度分布,范围达~1.9 kpc(5角分)。
  • 利用Westerbork综合孔径射电望远镜(WSRT)进行H i观测,以绘制中性氢的分布与动力学特性。
  • 通过红巨星分支拐点(TRGB)的星等精确测定距离为D = 1.3 ± 0.1 Mpc。
  • 分析H i速度场与谱线轮廓,以评估旋转、湍流以及是否存在双相星际介质。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1VV124=UGC4879的真实距离是多少?该距离如何影响其在本星系群中的分类?
  • RQ2VV124是否拥有可分辨的恒星盘结构?若存在,其形态特征对形成历史有何启示?
  • RQ3VV124的总H i质量与中性氢的空间分布如何?与其它孤立的本星系群矮星系相比有何差异?
  • RQ4为何VV124如此贫气(M_HI/L_V = 0.11),尽管其处于孤立状态且并非大质量星系的卫星?
  • RQ5在无外部剥离机制的情况下,是否可通过光致电离或超新星反馈等内部过程解释观测到的气体匮乏?

主要发现

  • 通过红巨星分支拐点(TRGB)方法,精确测得VV124的距离为D = 1.3 ± 0.1 Mpc。
  • 恒星种群以年老、低金属量系统为主,且存在显著的金属量弥散,与dSph类星系一致。
  • 表面亮度分布延伸至~1.9 kpc(5角分),揭示其恒星系统比以往认知更为延展。
  • 表面密度图显示两道对称、扁平的翼状结构,与中心球状体的主轴对齐,暗示可能存在一个侧向的恒星盘。
  • H i观测探测到约10⁶ M☉的中性氢,M_HI/L_V = 0.11,此值在孤立的本星系群矮星系中极为罕见。
  • H i速度场未显示旋转迹象,且表现出亚结构与双相星际介质特征,典型见于低质量矮星系。

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