[论文解读] Analysis of Ownership and Travel Behavior of Women Who Drive Electric Vehicles: The case of Maryland

Amirreza Nickkar, Hyeon-Shic Shin+1 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Nov 10, 2019

Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure参考文献 14被引用 7

一句话总结

本研究基于马里兰州1,257名电动车（EV）车主的调查数据，分析了影响女性电动车拥有率及出行模式的社会人口统计与行为因素。通过相关性检验、方差分析（ANOVA）和多项对数模型（multinomial logit modeling），研究发现：教育水平和收入水平与电动车购买/租赁决策及通勤模式显著相关，而环境关切是主要驱动力；然而，通勤距离较长的女性更重视成本、性能和身份地位，而非环境因素。

ABSTRACT

This study aims to investigate the contributing socio-demographic characteristics and factors among female EV owners as well as their travel behavior, commuting trip patterns, and purchasing/leasing ownerships. The objective of the study is to recommend public policies to decision makers to prompt gender equity for EV purchase and use by identifying socio-demographic attributes that influence EV travel patterns and behavior.An online survey of EV owners of both sexes was conducted from May 28, 2015, to February 19, 2016. In total, 1,257 EV owners in Maryland completed usable surveys. A set of statistical analysis methods was employed to analyze the data. A set of correlation test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multinomial logit model (MNL) were constructed to examine the associations between EV owner characteristics and their EV purchasing/leasing and spatial commuting trip behavior, and the results have been compared to the spatial travel patterns of drivers of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) in Maryland. The results of this study showed that first, socio-demographic factors, including education and income, played a significant role in preferences attributes of participants for purchasing/leasing an EV and in the commuting travel behavior and pattern and of EV drivers. Second, environmental issues are the main reason for purchasing/leasing EVs, but the EV owners who had longer commutes were more concerned about the price and status of the EV owner and efficiency and performance than were those with shorter commutes. The results of this study improve equity in transportation into the future and could be utilized by transportation authorities, transport investment agencies, and collaborators in developing and improving emerging transportation systems.

研究动机与目标

• 识别影响马里兰州女性电动车拥有率与出行行为的社会人口统计因素。
• 比较电动车与内燃机汽车（ICEV）驾驶者的通勤模式。
• 评估环境关切、成本与车辆性能在女性驾驶者电动车购买/租赁决策中的作用。
• 为促进电动车采用与使用中的性别平等提供政策建议。

提出的方法

• 2015年5月至2016年2月期间，对马里兰州1,257名电动车车主开展在线调查。
• 应用相关性检验，分析人口统计变量与电动车行为之间的关系。
• 使用方差分析（ANOVA）比较不同社会人口群体之间的出行行为。
• 采用多项对数模型（MNL）分析电动车购买/租赁偏好及通勤出行模式。
• 将电动车出行模式与马里兰州内燃机汽车（ICEV）驾驶者的出行模式进行对比，以提供背景参照。
• 通过显著性检验与模型拟合度评估验证研究结果。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 哪些社会人口统计特征与马里兰州女性电动车拥有率及出行行为关联最为紧密？
• RQ2 环境关切、成本与车辆性能在女性驾驶者电动车购买或租赁决策中发挥何种影响？
• RQ3 马里兰州女性电动车车主的通勤出行模式与内燃机汽车（ICEV）驾驶者有何不同？
• RQ4 是什么因素促使通勤距离较长的女性电动车车主更重视性能与成本，而非环境效益？
• RQ5 教育水平与收入水平在多大程度上可预测电动车拥有率与出行行为模式？

主要发现

• 教育水平和收入水平越高，女性驾驶者拥有电动车及采取特定通勤模式的可能性显著提高。
• 环境关切是女性受访者购买或租赁电动车的主要驱动力。
• 通勤距离较长的女性电动车车主相较于通勤距离较短者，更重视车辆成本、性能与身份地位。
• 多项对数模型证实，社会人口统计变量显著影响电动车购买与通勤行为。
• 马里兰州女性电动车车主的通勤模式与内燃机汽车（ICEV）驾驶者存在显著差异，尤其体现在出行频率与路线选择方面。
• 本研究的统计模型对电动车拥有率与出行行为具有较强的解释力，支持具有政策参考价值的发现。