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[论文解读] Anomalous Localization and Mobility Edges in Non-Hermitian Quasicrystals with Disordered Imaginary Gauge Fields

Guolin Nan, Zhijian Li|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 21, 2026
Quasicrystal Structures and Properties被引用 0
一句话总结

本论文分析了在带有 Bernoulli 虚拟磁场的 1D 非厄米 AAH-like 链中异常定位,展示 ENHSE 与定位转变、具有邻近项跳跃的新型可移性边界,以及动态探针。

ABSTRACT

We study anomalous localization in a one-dimensional non-Hermitian quasicrystal with a spatially disordered imaginary gauge field. The system is a generalized Aubry-André-Harper (AAH) chain with asymmetric nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor hoppings generated by a Bernoulli imaginary gauge field and a quasiperiodic onsite potential. In the standard non-Hermitian AAH limit, the system undergoes a transition from a fully erratic non-Hermitian skin effect (ENHSE) phase to a fully localized phase. We show that the fractal dimension cannot distinguish these phases, whereas the Lyapunov exponent and center-of-mass fluctuations provide sharp diagnostics. This transition is accompanied by a complex-to-real spectral change under periodic boundary conditions and a topological change of the spectral winding number. With next-nearest-neighbor hopping, we uncover an anomalous mobility edge separating Anderson-localized states from ENHSE states, rather than extended states. This mobility edge is captured by an energy-dependent winding number that vanishes in the localized regime. Finally, we propose a dynamical probe based on wave-packet expansion: for typical disorder realizations, the dynamics shows winding-controlled drift and disorder-selected pinning or boundary-wrapping recurrence, while disorder averaging restores Hermitian-like transport. These results offer practical spectral, topological, and dynamical diagnostics of anomalous localization and mobility edges in non-Hermitian quasicrystals.

研究动机与目标

  • 理解带有空间无序虚拟磁场的非厄米准晶体中的定位现象的机理。
  • 表征不稳定的非厄米皮肤状态与常规定位之间的转变。
  • 探索在存在最近邻与次近邻跳跃情况下,可移性边界如何产生及它们与谱拓扑的关系。
  • 提出用于检测异常定位与传输特性的动态探针。
  • 将谱、拓扑与动态诊断联系起来,以实际识别 ENHSE 与局域化相。

提出的方法

  • 用 Bernoulli 虚拟磁场和准周期性 onsite 势场生成的 NN 和 NNN 跳跃,建立一维非厄米准晶体模型。
  • 在 generalized Aubry-André-Harper (AAH) 框架中引入 J1、J2 与由 h_j 组成的无序项,产生非对称跳跃。
  • 通过 IPR 计算分形维度 D 以评估态的局域性。
  • 对每个特征态计算 Lyapunov 指数 gamma_n,以区分 ENHSE 与定位。
  • 计算跨态的质心波动 S,用于作为无序与尺寸敏感的诊断。
  • 通过引入磁通并比较 PBC 与 OBC 谱,结合能量相关的谱缠绕数 w,分析谱拓扑(包括带参考能量 E_B 的情形)。
Figure 1: Representative eigenstate profiles $|\psi_{j}^{(n)}|$ of the non-Hermitian AAH model [Eq. ( 1 )] with $J_{2}=0$ and $N=300$ for a fixed imaginary gauge-field realization. Ten randomly chosen eigenstates are shown under PBCs [(a) $\lambda=1$ ; (b) $\lambda=3$ ] and OBCs [(c) $\lambda=1$ ; (
Figure 1: Representative eigenstate profiles $|\psi_{j}^{(n)}|$ of the non-Hermitian AAH model [Eq. ( 1 )] with $J_{2}=0$ and $N=300$ for a fixed imaginary gauge-field realization. Ten randomly chosen eigenstates are shown under PBCs [(a) $\lambda=1$ ; (b) $\lambda=3$ ] and OBCs [(c) $\lambda=1$ ; (

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1带有空间无序虚拟磁场的作用如何影响一维准周期链中的定位?
  • RQ2标准分形维数是否能区分 ENHSE 与传统定位,还是需要其他诊断?
  • RQ3次近邻跳跃在产生可移性边界中的作用及这些边界与谱拓扑之间的关系如何?
  • RQ4在周期性边界条件下,谱实性与缠绕数如何与定位转变相关?
  • RQ5动态波包演化是否能揭示异常定位和可移性边界的特征,超越谱诊断?

主要发现

  • 在 J2=0 的极限下,系统在 lambda_c=2 处从完全 ENHSE 相转变为完全局域化相,两个相态的分形维度 D_n→0,但 Lyapunov 指数 gamma 从 0 变为有限值。
  • 分形维度无法区分 ENHSE 与常规定位;质心波动 S 能区分 ENHSE(S ≈ O(1))与局域化(S ≈ O(N))。
  • 在 PBC 下 λ>2 时出现谱实性,与定位转变同步发生,并且谱缠绕数从非平凡变为平凡,显示拓扑变化。
  • 在弱 NNN 跳跃(J2 ≠ 0)时出现异常可移性边界,将 Anderson 局域态与 ENHSE 型态分离开来,而非将扩展态从局域态分离;该边界遵循 Hermitian 的 E_c(λ) 标准。
  • 该可移性边界伴随在 PBC 下的能量选择性复到实的谱跃迁,以及随能量变化的缠绕数在穿过 E_c 时变得平凡。
  • 动态波包演化显示受缠绕控制的漂移与无序选择性钉扎或边界回绕再现;对无序平均后呈现类 Hermitian 的传输。
Figure 2: Mean fractal dimension $\overline{D}$ versus $1/\ln N$ at (a) $\lambda=1$ and (b) $\lambda=3$ , extrapolating to $\overline{D}\to 0$ in both phases. (c) Mean Lyapunov exponent $\overline{\gamma}$ as a function of $\lambda$ for different $N$ , showing $\overline{\gamma}\to 0$ for $\lambda<2
Figure 2: Mean fractal dimension $\overline{D}$ versus $1/\ln N$ at (a) $\lambda=1$ and (b) $\lambda=3$ , extrapolating to $\overline{D}\to 0$ in both phases. (c) Mean Lyapunov exponent $\overline{\gamma}$ as a function of $\lambda$ for different $N$ , showing $\overline{\gamma}\to 0$ for $\lambda<2

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