Skip to main content
QUICK REVIEW

[论文解读] Attenuation from the optical to the extreme ultraviolet by dust associated with broad absorption line quasars: the driving force for outflows

C. M. Gaskell, Jake J. M. Gill|arXiv (Cornell University)|Nov 11, 2016
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena被引用 5
一句话总结

该论文首次从光学波段延伸至极端紫外(EUV)波段,推导出宽吸收线类星体(BALQSOs)中尘埃的消光曲线,发现其为陡峭的SMC型曲线,峰值位于EUV波段。在光学深度最优的EUV波段,尘埃驱动的辐射加速度可解释高速喷流的形成,而LoBALs中增强的散射光则导致观测到的消光曲线发生扭曲。

ABSTRACT

We derive a mean attenuation curve out to the rest-frame extreme ultraviolet (EUV) for 'BAL dust' - the dust causing the additional extinction of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with broad absorption lines (BALQSOs). In contrast to the normal, relatively flat, mean AGN attenuation curve, BAL dust is well fit by a steeply rising, SMC-like curve. We confirm the shape of the theoretical Weingartner & Draine SMC curve out to 700 Angstroms but the drop in attenuation at still shorter wavelengths is less than predicted. The similar SMC-like attenuation curve for low-ionization BALQSOs (LoBALs) does not support the idea that they are an early phase in the life of an AGN when it is breaking out of a cocoon of star-forming dust. Although the attenuation is only E(B - V) ~ 0.03 - 0.05 in the optical, it rises to one magnitude in the EUV, which is an optimum value for radiative acceleration of dusty gas. Because the spectral energy distribution of AGNs peaks in the EUV, the force on the dust dominates the acceleration of BAL gas. Although the shape of the attenuation curve for LoBALs is similar to the shape for HiBALs, the LoBALs on average show negative attenuation in the optical. This is naturally explained if there is more light scattered into our line of sight in LoBALs compared with non-BALQSOs. We suggest that this and partial covering are causes when attenuation curves appear to be steeper in the UV than an SMC curve.

研究动机与目标

  • 从光学波段到极端紫外(EUV)波段,确定BALQSOs中尘埃的消光曲线。
  • 检验LoBALs和HiBALs中观测到的红化是否由具有SMC型消光曲线的尘埃引起。
  • 研究BALQSOs中陡峭的消光曲线是否支持活动星系核演化中的“突破”阶段模型。
  • 解释LoBALs中观测到的UV消光曲线比预期更陡的原因,包括光学波段中出现负E(B-V)值的现象。
  • 澄清BALQSOs与非BALQSOs之间SED差异是否完全由尘埃消光引起。

提出的方法

  • 利用137个BALQSOs与137个红移和光度匹配的非BALQSOs的中红外至紫外波段光度与光谱数据。
  • 通过将观测流量与内在SED模板进行比较,并在Rest-frame K波段进行归一化,构建平均消光曲线。
  • 将消光曲线拟合至Weingartner & Draine (2001)的理论SMC消光曲线,并与观测数据在700 Å以内的波段进行对比。
  • 通过建模光学与紫外波段的流量偏移,考虑LoBALs中散射光与部分遮蔽效应的影响。
  • 采用标准成对法推导消光曲线,确保与以往AGN研究的一致性。
  • 假设适用于AGNs的均匀屏模型,对尘埃几何结构与视线方向进行校正。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1从光学波段到极端紫外波段,BALQSOs中尘埃消光曲线的形状如何?
  • RQ2BALQSOs中陡峭的消光曲线是否支持尘埃驱动的辐射加速度机制作为喷流的驱动力?
  • RQ3为何LoBALs在光学波段呈现负E(B-V)值?这与散射光有何关联?
  • RQ4观测到的UV消光曲线比SMC曲线更陡,是由于几何结构还是尘埃本身的内在属性?
  • RQ5BALQSOs与非BALQSOs之间SED的差异是否可完全由尘埃消光解释?

主要发现

  • BAL尘埃的消光曲线从光学波段至EUV波段急剧上升,与Weingartner & Draine (2001)的SMC型曲线在700 Å以内高度一致,但在更短波长处表现出更高的消光。
  • BAL尘埃的光学深度在EUV波段达到峰值,此时活动星系核的能谱能量分布最亮,使得尘埃驱动的气体辐射加速度效率最高。
  • BAL尘埃在光学波段的平均E(B-V)仅为约0.03–0.05,但在EUV波段上升至约1 magnitude,表明EUV波段存在强烈的消光。
  • LoBALs与HiBALs的SMC型消光曲线完全相同,与‘突破’模型相矛盾,表明尘埃并非来自瞬态包层,而是与喷流直接相关。
  • LoBALs在光学波段出现负E(B-V)值,可自然地由进入视线方向的增强散射光解释,而非内在差异所致。
  • 部分遮蔽与散射光很可能是导致UV消光曲线比SMC曲线更陡的原因,从而解释了以往研究中的表观矛盾。

更好的研究,从现在开始

从阅读论文到最终审阅,大幅缩短您的研究时间。

无需绑定信用卡

本解读由 AI 生成,并经人工编辑审核。