[论文解读] Background Radiation Cancellation for Free-Space Optical Communications with IM/DD
该论文提出了一种基于GLRT的序列检测器,用于自由空间光IM/DD系统,可联合估计未知的信道增益和背景辐射,仅使用极少的导频符号即可实现近乎完美的误码性能。通过采用Viterbi型网格搜索和判决反馈技术,该方法在不依赖PPM或线路码等带宽浪费技术的前提下,实现了低复杂度和高谱效率。
Besides atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors which cause the signal intensity fluctuation, background radiation also impairs the free-space optical intensity-modulation / direct-detection link performance by introducing a noisy photocurrent component in the receiver. Methods such as adopting some specific optics systems, using pilot symbols or line codes to estimate the background information and cancel it accordingly, and pulse-position modulation (PPM), can be adopted to mitigate the impact of background radiation. However, purely depending on the optics system, the background radiation can only be reduced, but not completely cancelled; and the use of any of pilot symbols, line codes and PPM reduces the system spectral efficiency drastically. In this paper, based on the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) principle, we develop a Viterbi-type trellis-search sequence receiver (the GLRT sequence receiver) that can estimate the unknown channel gain and the background radiation simultaneously, and detect the data sequence accordingly. This receiver requires very few pilot symbols, and therefore, does not significantly reduce the bandwidth efficiency. Its error performance can approach that of detection with perfect information of the channel state and the background radiation, as the observation window length used for forming the decision metric increases. Since a Viterbi-type trellis-search algorithm is adopted, the search complexity is very low and is independent of the observation window size. However, the search complexity of the GLRT sequence receiver grows exponentially with the modulation order. To further simplify the implementation, we derive a more efficient decision-feedback symbol-by-symbol receiver which retains the same error performance as that of the GLRT sequence receiver.
研究动机与目标
- 解决自由空间光(FSO)强度调制/直接检测(IM/DD)系统中因背景辐射导致的性能下降问题。
- 克服现有方法(如光学抑制、导频符号、线路码或PPM)的局限性——这些方法或无法完全消除背景辐射,或严重降低谱效率。
- 开发一种无需完美信道状态信息的联合估计方法,同时估计未知的信道增益和背景辐射。
- 通过最小化导频符号数量,保持高谱效率。
- 通过高效的信号检测算法,实现接近最优的误码性能与低实现复杂度。
提出的方法
- 提出一种基于广义似然比检验(GLRT)的序列检测器,可联合估计信道增益和背景辐射功率。
- 采用Viterbi型网格搜索算法高效检测数据序列,其复杂度与观测窗口大小无关。
- 通过使用短观测窗口构造判决度量,随着窗口长度增加,可实现近乎最优的性能。
- 推导出一种符号级判决反馈接收机,其误码性能与序列检测器相当,但复杂度显著降低。
- 利用背景辐射和信道衰落的统计特性,设计基于似然的检测度量。
- 通过在GLRT框架内采用数据辅助估计,最小化导频开销,避免使用PPM或线路码等带宽密集型技术。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在FSO IM/DD系统中,能否仅使用极少导频符号实现对信道增益和背景辐射的联合估计?
- RQ2所提出的GLRT序列检测器的误码性能与具备完美信道和背景状态信息的系统相比如何?
- RQ3在所提出的接收机架构中,检测复杂度与性能之间的权衡关系如何?
- RQ4符号级判决反馈接收机能否实现与序列检测器相同的误码性能,同时降低实现复杂度?
- RQ5与传统的PPM或线路码等背景辐射抑制技术相比,所提出方法在谱效率方面提升了多少?
主要发现
- 随着观测窗口长度的增加,GLRT序列检测器的误码性能趋近于具备完美信道和背景状态信息时的检测性能。
- 该接收机仅需少量导频符号,与依赖导频序列或PPM等调制方式的方法相比,显著保留了谱效率。
- Viterbi型网格搜索算法确保了低复杂度且与窗口大小无关,使该方法可扩展至更长序列。
- 所推导的判决反馈接收机在实现复杂度显著降低的同时,保持了与序列检测器相同的误码性能。
- 该方法无需依赖光学滤波或带宽浪费的调制格式,即可有效消除背景辐射,为实际FSO系统提供了实用解决方案。
- 在真实FSO信道条件下,所提出方法在谱效率和误码率性能方面均优于传统技术。
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