[论文解读] Bacterial diversity associated with Drosophila in the laboratory and in the natural environment
本研究利用454测序技术对16S rRNA基因进行分析,比较了野生型与实验室培养的果蝇的细菌群落,发现食物基质是塑造自然微生物群落的主要因素,而实验室来源和随机性在实验室环境中起主导作用。一种核心微生物群成员——醋杆菌属(Gluconobacter)在野生果蝇中持续存在,但在实验室培养的果蝇中完全缺失,提示其可能是自然果蝇微生物群的重要组成部分。
The fruit fly Drosophila is a classic model organism to study adaptation as well as the relationship between genetic variation and phenotypes. Although associated bacterial communities might be important for many aspects of Drosophila biology, knowledge about their diversity, composition, and factors shaping them is limited. We used 454-based sequencing of a variable region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene to characterize the bacterial communities associated with wild and laboratory Drosophila isolates. In order to specifically investigate effects of food source and host species on bacterial communities, we analyzed samples from wild Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans collected from a variety of natural substrates, as well as from adults and larvae of nine laboratory reared Drosophila species. We find no evidence for host species effects in lab reared flies, instead lab of origin and stochastic effects, which could influence studies of Drosophila phenotypes, are pronounced. In contrast, the natural Drosophila associated microbiota appears to be predominantly shaped by food substrate with an additional but smaller effect of host species identity. We identify a core member of this natural microbiota that belongs to the genus Gluconobacter and is common to all wild caught flies in this study, but absent from the laboratory. This makes it a strong candidate for being part of what could be a natural D. melanogaster and D. simulans core microbiome. Furthermore we were able to identify candidate pathogens in natural fly isolates.
研究动机与目标
- 表征与野生型和实验室果蝇分离株相关的细菌群落。
- 确定宿主物种与食物基质对微生物群落组成的影响程度。
- 识别自然果蝇微生物群中的核心细菌成员。
- 检测野生果蝇分离株中潜在的病原体。
- 评估实验室培养条件对微生物群落结构的影响。
提出的方法
- 利用基于454测序的16S rRNA基因可变区分析技术对细菌群落进行谱系分析。
- 分析了在多种天然基质上采集的野生型 D. melanogaster 和 D. simulans 的样本。
- 比较了九种实验室培养的果蝇物种的成虫与幼虫的细菌群落。
- 应用统计模型评估宿主物种、食物基质和实验室来源对微生物组成的影响。
- 通过评估分类学在样本中的普遍性,识别核心微生物群成员。
- 基于与已知病原性类群的序列相似性,筛查潜在病原体。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在野生果蝇中,宿主物种还是食物基质对细菌群落的形成具有更强的决定作用?
- RQ2与自然条件相比,实验室培养如何影响果蝇相关微生物群落的组成?
- RQ3是否存在一个在野生果蝇种群中共享的核心微生物群?如果有,其关键成员是什么?
- RQ4在自然环境中,D. melanogaster 与 D. simulans 的微生物群组成是否存在一致的差异?
- RQ5野生果蝇分离株中存在哪些病原性细菌?
主要发现
- 在野生果蝇中,食物基质是细菌群落组成的主要决定因素,宿主物种身份的影响较小但具有统计学显著性。
- 在实验室培养的果蝇中,实验室来源和随机因素对微生物群落的影响强于宿主物种身份。
- 醋杆菌属(Gluconobacter)被确定为自然果蝇微生物群的核心成员,在所有野生捕获的果蝇中均存在,但在实验室培养的品系中完全缺失。
- 醋杆菌属(Gluconobacter)是 D. melanogaster 和 D. simulans 自然核心微生物群的强有力候选成员。
- 在自然果蝇分离株中检测到潜在病原体,表明野生种群中可能存在微生物威胁。
- 醋杆菌属(Gluconobacter)在实验室培养果蝇中缺失,提示实验室条件可能破坏或消除关键的自然微生物关联。
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