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[论文解读] Bayesian imaging inverse problem with scattering transform

Sébastien Pierre, Erwan Allys|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 5, 2026
Markov Chains and Monte Carlo Methods被引用 0
一句话总结

该论文提出一个贝叶斯框架,利用散射变换统计量来推断低维ST模型的后验,以在单次观测下的前向算子困难条件下实现图像重建。它在Quijote大尺度结构图上展示了统计和确定性重建。

ABSTRACT

Bayesian imaging inverse problems in astrophysics and cosmology remain challenging, particularly in low-data regimes, due to complex forward operators and the frequent lack of well-motivated priors for non-Gaussian signals. In this paper, we introduce a Bayesian approach that addresses these difficulties by relying on a low-dimensional representation of physical fields built from Scattering Transform statistics. This representation enables inference to be performed in a compact model space, where we recover a posterior distribution over signal models that are consistent with the observed data. We propose an iterative adaptive algorithm to efficiently approximate this posterior distribution. We apply our method to a large-scale structure column density field from the Quijote simulations, using a realistic instrumental forward operator. We demonstrate both accurate statistical inference and deterministic signal reconstruction from a single contaminated image, without relying on any external prior distribution for the field of interest. These results demonstrate that Scattering Transform statistics provide an effective representation for solving complex imaging inverse problems in challenging low-data regimes. Our approach opens the way to new applications for non-Gaussian astrophysical and cosmological signals for which little or no prior modeling is available.

研究动机与目标

  • 在具有非高斯信号和数据有限的天体物理成像逆问题中提供动机。
  • 提出一个由散射统计mu_S参数化的低维ST生成模型来表示信号。
  • 开发一个自适应的迭代算法以在给定数据的情况下近似后验在ST统计上的分布。
  • 展示在单幅污染图像下的统计有效性与确定性重建。

提出的方法

  • 用最大熵模型表示s,其参数由散射统计mu_S参数化。
  • 在ST空间定义一个ST前向算子F,将mu_S映射到数据统计量phi(d),并近似似然为高斯:p(phi(d)|mu_S) ≈ N(A mu_S + b, Sigma)。
  • 对mu_S使用均匀先验,并推导给定线性化似然时的高斯后验。
  • 使用序贯似然估计方案迭代地改进提案分布q_i(mu_S)并估计A_i, b_i, Sigma_i。
  • 以一个匹配phi(d0)的参考地图作为初始值,并在收敛前自适应更新提案。
Figure 1 : Top: True field $s_{0}$ and three fields generated from ST statistics sampled from the posterior $p(\mu_{S}\mid\phi(d_{0}))$ . Bottom: Observation $d_{0}$ and the corresponding posterior predictive samples obtained by applying the pixel-space forward operator $F$ to the generated fields.
Figure 1 : Top: True field $s_{0}$ and three fields generated from ST statistics sampled from the posterior $p(\mu_{S}\mid\phi(d_{0}))$ . Bottom: Observation $d_{0}$ and the corresponding posterior predictive samples obtained by applying the pixel-space forward operator $F$ to the generated fields.

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1散射变换统计量的低维信号空间截面是否能够忠实描述与天体物理成像相关的非高斯场?
  • RQ2是否可以在ST空间进行贝叶斯推断,以获得p(mu_S|phi(d0))的后验,使其在已知前向算子下产生与观测数据统计一致的地图?
  • RQ3推断出的ST后验是否可用于统计验证(匹配摘要统计量)和确定性像素级重建?
  • RQ4在这个基于ST的框架中,迭代自适应似然估计方案在恢复后验方面的表现如何?

主要发现

  • 通过对ST前向算子进行线性高斯近似,可以估计ST统计量后验p(mu_S|phi(d0))。
  • 从ST后验中采样得到的地图经前向算子转换后,在统计意义上与真实信号一致。
  • 后验预测样本再现数据统计量,表明在前向模型下与观测数据不可区分。
  • 使用在后验样本上训练的神经网络进行像素级重建,可以恢复大尺度特征并对小尺度污染进行平滑处理。
  • 在低数据情形下,该方法验证非高斯信号建模的有效性,无需外部先验,并可扩展到其他天体物理信号。
Figure 2 : Schematic of the iterative algorithm used in this paper. See Sec. 2.2 for more details.
Figure 2 : Schematic of the iterative algorithm used in this paper. See Sec. 2.2 for more details.

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