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[论文解读] Big Bang in Dipole Cosmology

Alireza Allahyari, Ehsan Ebrahimian|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 28, 2023
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories参考文献 50被引用 4
一句话总结

本文研究了在偶极宇宙学框架中大爆炸奇点的性质,该框架通过倾斜和剪切引入一个首选空间方向(宇宙偶极),从而扩展了FLRW模型。研究发现,大爆炸奇点的性质取决于剪切的符号:负剪切导致曲率奇点,而正剪切则导致一种较温和的“低语”奇点,此时曲率不变量保持有限,尽管倾斜发散。该分析进一步扩展至包含辐射、物质和暗能量的偶极ΛCDM模型,确认了类似的奇点类型,并揭示了在晚期时辐射与物质之间的相对倾斜依然显著。

ABSTRACT

We continue the study of dipole cosmology framework put forward in \cite{Krishnan:2022qbv}, a beyond FLRW setting that has a preferred direction in the metric which may be associated with a cosmological tilt, a cosmic dipole. In this setup the shear and the tilt can be positive or negative given the dipole direction. We thoroughly analyze evolution of the universe in this setting, particularly focusing on the behaviour near the Big Bang (BB). We first analyze a single fluid model with a generic constant equation of state $w$. While details of the behavior near the BB depends on $w$ and the other initial conditions, we find that when the shear is negative we have a shear dominated BB singularity, whereas for a positive shear we have a much milder singularity, the whimper singularity \cite{Ellis:1974ug}, at which the tilt blows up while curvature invariants remain finite. We then consider dipole $Λ$CDM model which besides the shear has two tilt parameters, one for radiation and one for the pressureless matter. For positive (negative) shear we again find whimper (curvature) singularity near the BB. Moreover, when the tilt parameters have opposite signs, the shear can change sign from negative to positive in the course of evolution of the Universe. We show that the relative tilt of the radiation and the matter generically remains sizable at late times.

研究动机与目标

  • 分析偶极宇宙学中大爆炸奇点的行为,该框架是非FLRW的,具有一个首选空间方向。
  • 确定剪切和倾斜的符号如何影响初始奇点的性质。
  • 将分析扩展至包含多种流体(辐射、物质、暗能量)的偶极ΛCDM模型,并评估接近大爆炸时的动力学行为。
  • 研究尽管整体趋于各向同性,辐射与物质之间的相对倾斜在晚期是否仍保持非零。

提出的方法

  • 在King和Ellis的倾斜宇宙学框架内构建偶极宇宙学,通过非共动流体流动引入首选方向。
  • 分析具有恒定状态方程 $w$ 的单一流体模型,推导大爆炸附近剪切、倾斜和标度因子的演化方程。
  • 将相同框架应用于偶极ΛCDM模型,整合三个组分:具有倾斜的辐射(具有倾斜)、无压物质(具有倾斜)和无倾斜的宇宙学常数(倾斜无关)。
  • 使用Planck约束参数进行数值积分,探索所有可能的初始条件组合以研究奇点结构。
  • 将初始奇点类型分类为曲率奇点(剪切主导,倾斜有限)或低语奇点(倾斜主导,曲率不变量有限)。
  • 从晚期各向同性状态反向演化,追踪初始条件和奇点类型的起源。
Figure 1 : As an example of SEC-violating case we show $w=-2/3$ . The top-left plot shows evolution of $\beta$ which starts with a large negative value and goes to zero. The top-right plot shows $\sigma/H$ which remains $-3$ for a long time before starting to drop to zero, it has an inflection point
Figure 1 : As an example of SEC-violating case we show $w=-2/3$ . The top-left plot shows evolution of $\beta$ which starts with a large negative value and goes to zero. The top-right plot shows $\sigma/H$ which remains $-3$ for a long time before starting to drop to zero, it has an inflection point

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在单一流体偶极宇宙学中,剪切的符号如何决定大爆炸奇点的类型?
  • RQ2在偶极ΛCDM模型中,接近大爆炸的行为如何,特别是剪切、辐射与物质的倾斜参数以及曲率不变量之间的相互作用如何?
  • RQ3尽管整体趋于各向同性,辐射与物质之间的相对倾斜在晚期是否仍保持显著?
  • RQ4在偶极宇宙学框架中,宇宙偶极(通过倾斜实现)是否会导致对某种初始奇点类型具有普遍偏好?
  • RQ5剪切和倾斜的初始条件如何演化,以在偶极ΛCDM中产生观测到的晚期各向同性?

主要发现

  • 对于具有恒定 $w$ 的单一流体,负剪切导致曲率奇点,此时物质密度发散但曲率不变量保持有限。
  • 当剪切为正时,模型表现出一种“低语”奇点:倾斜发散而曲率不变量保持有限,表明初始状态较为温和。
  • 在偶极ΛCDM模型中,相同的奇点分类依然成立:正剪切导致低语奇点,负剪切导致曲率奇点。
  • 当辐射与物质的倾斜参数符号相反时,剪切可在演化过程中改变符号,导致从曲率奇点向低语奇点的转变。
  • 尽管在晚期趋于各向同性,辐射与物质之间的相对倾斜仍保持有限且非零,$\beta_r$ 趋近于一个有限的渐近值。
  • 反向演化表明,$K\mathfrak{S} \sim 0^+$ 可能源自低语奇点($\mathfrak{S}=+1$)或曲率奇点随后发生剪切符号改变($\mathfrak{S}=-1$)
Figure 2 : Plots for $w=-1/3$ case. The top-left plot shows evolution of $\tanh\beta$ which starts with a negative value and $|\beta|$ goes to zero. The top-right plot shows $\sigma/H$ which remains $-3$ for a long time before starting to drop to zero. Both $\beta$ and $\sigma/H$ plot have a $\tanh$
Figure 2 : Plots for $w=-1/3$ case. The top-left plot shows evolution of $\tanh\beta$ which starts with a negative value and $|\beta|$ goes to zero. The top-right plot shows $\sigma/H$ which remains $-3$ for a long time before starting to drop to zero. Both $\beta$ and $\sigma/H$ plot have a $\tanh$

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