[论文解读] Bio-inspired method based on bone architecture to optimize the structure of mechanical workspieces

Clément Audibert, Julien Chaves‐Jacob+2 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Oct 26, 2018

Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies参考文献 27被引用 54

一句话总结

论文提出一种基于骨骼结构的生物启发方法，通过局部应力控制孔隙率，以优化开孔/开孔件的力学性能，并通过实验弯曲测试将其与拓扑优化进行比较。

ABSTRACT

Nowadays, additive manufacturing processes greatly simplify the production of openwork workpiece providing new opportunities for workpieces design. Based on Nature knowledge, a new bio-inspired workpiece structural optimization approach is presented in this paper. This approach is derived from bones structure. The aim of this method is to reduce the workpiece weight maintaining an acceptable resistance. Like in bones, the porosity of the part to optimize was controlled by a bio-inspired method as function of the local stress field. Shape, size and orientation of the porosities were derived from bone structure; two main strategies were used: one inspired of avian species and other inspired of terrestrial mammalian. Subsequently, to validate this method, an experimental test was carried out for comparing a topological optimization and the proposed bio-inspired designs. This test was conducted on a beam part in 2.5D subjected to a static three-point bending with 65% of density. Three beams were manufactured by 3D metal printing: two bio-inspired beams (terrestrial mammalian and avian species) and the last designed using a topological optimization method. Experimental test results demonstrated the usefulness of the proposed method. This bio-inspired structural optimization approach opens up new prospects in design of openwork workpiece.

研究动机与目标

• 在保持可接受的结构抗力的同时，推动开孔工件的轻量化设计。
• 开发受骨结构启发、由局部应力场驱动的孔隙优化方法。
• 从鸟类和陆生哺乳动物的骨骼策略中推导孔隙形状、尺寸和取向。

提出的方法

• 将基于骨的原理用于将孔隙作为局部应力的函数来控制部件中的孔隙率。
• 从鸟类和陆生哺乳动物的骨结构推导孔隙几何形状（形状、尺寸、取向）。
• 通过三维金属打印制造三种变体的梁（两个生物启发、一个拓扑优化）。
• 在65%密度下进行静态三点弯曲测试以评估性能。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 基于骨架结构的生物启发孔隙设计在降低重量的同时保持对比拓扑优化设计的强度是否可行？
• RQ2 鸟类启发与陆生哺乳动物启发的孔隙模式在弯曲载荷下的表现如何？
• RQ3 在增材制造的开孔部件中实现骨源孔隙的可行性如何？

主要发现

• 实验测试表明生物启发设计在弯曲下对于开孔结构有用，且其性能与拓扑优化相比具有可比性。
• 共打印三根梁：两个生物启发（陆生哺乳动物和鸟类）和一个拓扑优化，密度均为65%。
• 结果验证了所提出的基于骨架结构的优化方法的有效性。