[论文解读] Blockchain And The Future of the Internet: A Comprehensive Review

Fakhar ul Hassan, Anwaar Ali+9 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 23, 2019

Blockchain Technology Applications and Security参考文献 169被引用 54

一句话总结

本综述分析区块链如何在互联网去中心化信任，调研基于区块链的网络应用，并讨论技术、法律和监管挑战。

ABSTRACT

Blockchain is challenging the status quo of the central trust infrastructure currently prevalent in the Internet towards a design principle that is underscored by decentralization, transparency, and trusted auditability. In ideal terms, blockchain advocates a decentralized, transparent, and more democratic version of the Internet. Essentially being a trusted and decentralized database, blockchain finds its applications in fields as varied as the energy sector, forestry, fisheries, mining, material recycling, air pollution monitoring, supply chain management, and their associated operations. In this paper, we present a survey of blockchain-based network applications. Our goal is to cover the evolution of blockchain-based systems that are trying to bring in a renaissance in the existing, mostly centralized, space of network applications. While re-imagining the space with blockchain, we highlight various common challenges, pitfalls, and shortcomings that can occur. Our aim is to make this work as a guiding reference manual for someone interested in shifting towards a blockchain-based solution for one's existing use case or automating one from the ground up.

研究动机与目标

• 促使互联网应用中信任从集中式向去中心化转变。
• 提供区块链基础网络应用的广泛概述，超越加密货币。
• 识别区块链部署中的共性模式、差异与技术局限。
• 解决区块链驱动系统的法律、监管和治理方面的考量。

提出的方法

• 回顾现有的区块链基础、共识、智能合约，以及公有区块链与私有区块链。
• 调研跨域的基于区块链的网络应用，覆盖网络、命名、路由、电子邮件和物联网等领域。
• 与现有综述进行比较，强调监管与治理方面的影响。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 有哪些基于区块链的关键方法用于演化去中心化互联网的信任机制？
• RQ2 哪些网络应用可以从区块链中受益，以及它们的共性模式和局限性是什么？
• RQ3 在网络化系统中，区块链部署面临的主要技术、法律和监管挑战是什么？
• RQ4 现有解决方案如何应对区块链启用的网络中的互操作性、隐私和治理问题？

主要发现

• 区块链在去中心化网络中无需中央中介即可实现可验证的信任与审计性。
• 应用涵盖 SDN、去中心化互联网、电子邮件、类似 DNS 的命名、路由以及物联网数据共享。
• 异构区块链之间的互操作性是一个关键未解决问题，需要轻量级验证和跨账本协议。
• 在部署基于区块链的解决方案时，存在显著的治理、监管、可扩展性、安全性和可用性挑战。
• 该综述通过涵盖法律和监管影响来区分于其他综述。