[论文解读] Blockchain-Empowered Trustworthy Data Sharing: Fundamentals, Applications, and Challenges

Linh Thủy Nguyễn, Lam Duc Nguyen+8 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 12, 2023

Blockchain Technology Applications and Security被引用 10

一句话总结

本论文综述区块链支持的数据共享，提出 BlockDaSh 架构，并分析应用、经验教训和存在的挑战。

ABSTRACT

Various data-sharing platforms have emerged with the growing public demand for open data and legislation mandating certain data to remain open. Most of these platforms remain opaque, leading to many questions about data accuracy, provenance and lineage, privacy implications, consent management, and the lack of fair incentives for data providers. With their transparency, immutability, non-repudiation, and decentralization properties, blockchains could not be more apt to answer these questions and enhance trust in a data-sharing platform. However, blockchains are not good at handling the four Vs of big data (i.e., volume, variety, velocity, and veracity) due to their limited performance, scalability, and high cost. Given many related works proposes blockchain-based trustworthy data-sharing solutions, there is increasing confusion and difficulties in understanding and selecting these technologies and platforms in terms of their sharing mechanisms, sharing services, quality of services, and applications. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive survey on blockchain-based data-sharing architectures and applications to fill the gap. First, we present the foundations of blockchains and discuss the challenges of current data-sharing techniques. Second, we focus on the convergence of blockchain and data sharing to give a clear picture of this landscape and propose a reference architecture for blockchain-based data sharing. Third, we discuss the industrial applications of blockchain-based data sharing, ranging from healthcare and smart grid to transportation and decarbonization. For each application, we provide lessons learned for the deployment of Blockchain-based data sharing. Finally, we discuss research challenges and open research directions.

研究动机与目标

• 提供数据共享概念、类型、局限性以及基于区块链的解决方案动机的概述。
• 提出基于区块链的数据共享参考架构（BlockDaSh），并描述其构建模块与层次。
• 提供跨多个领域的区块链数据共享应用分类体系的深入分类。
• 从部署中提取经验教训，以指导实际实施并识别未解决的研究方向。

提出的方法

• 调研现有的数据共享方法及其局限性（集中式与去中心化）。
• 分析与数据共享相关的区块链、DLT 与隐私保护技术。
• 介绍 BlockDaSh，基于区块链的数据共享参考架构及其在不同情景中的适配。
• 构建用例分类法（医疗保健、供应链、交通、智能电网、数据市场等）。
• 提供部署经验教训并概述研究挑战与未来方向。

Figure 1 : Number of annual publications on blockchains (BC) & data sharing (DS)

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 区块链及相关技术如何解决数据共享的核心挑战，如集中化、互操作性、隐私和信任？
• RQ2 区块链数据共享的参考架构 BlockDaSh 是什么，以及如何适应不同领域？
• RQ3 从医疗保健、供应链、交通和去碳化等真实部署中可以得到哪些经验，以指导未来的实施？

主要发现

• 基于区块链的数据共享可以缓解传统平台中的集中化、隐私和信任问题。
• 提出一个参考架构（BlockDaSh），用于构建区块链基础解决方案中的数据处理、共享和存储。
• 论文提供了跨医疗、供应链、交通、智能电网、数据市场和去碳化等领域的区块链数据共享应用分类法。
• 从部署中获得的经验教训被讨论，以指导未来的设计与部署。
• 指出未解的研究挑战和方向，重点关注连通性、安全、隐私、激励、可扩展性和可编辑性。

Figure 2 : The organization for the paper’s content