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[论文解读] Bridging the user equilibrium and the system optimum in static traffic assignment: how the cooperation among drivers can solve the congestion problem in city networks

Valentina Morandi|arXiv (Cornell University)|May 11, 2021
Transportation Planning and Optimization被引用 6
一句话总结

本文提出了一种混合交通分配框架,通过协调式路由,将用户均衡(公平性)与系统最优(效率)相衔接,利用智能交通系统(ITS)和自动驾驶汽车技术,最小化总行程时间,同时确保用户公平性。其主要贡献在于提出了一种可扩展的协作式路由机制,在无需基础设施扩建的情况下,降低了无政府状态的代价。

ABSTRACT

Solving the road congestion problem is one of the most pressing issues in moderncities since it causes time wasting, pollution, higher industrial costs and huge roadmaintenance costs. Advances in ITS technologies and the advent of autonomousvehicles are changing mobility dramatically. They enable the implementation of acoordination mechanism, called coordinated traffic assignment, among the sat-navdevices aiming at assigning paths to drivers to eliminate congestion and to re-duce the total travel time in traffic networks. Among possible congestion avoidance methods, coordinated traffic assignment is a valuable choice since it does not involvehuge investments to expand the road network. Traffic assignments are traditionally devoted to two main perspectives on which the well-known Wardropian principlesare inspired: the user equilibrium and the system optimum. User equilibrium is a user-driven traffic assignment in which each user chooses the most convenientpath selfishly. It guarantees that fairness among users is respected since, whenthe equilibrium is reached, all users sharing the same origin and destination willexperience the same travel time. The main drawback in a user equilibrium is thatthe system total travel time is not minimized and, hence, the so-called Price ofAnarchy is paid. On the other hand, the system optimum is an efficient system-wide traffic assignment in which drivers are routed on the network in such a waythe total travel time is minimized but users might experience travel times that arehigher than the other users travelling from the same origin to the same destina-tion affecting the compliance. Thus, drawbacks in implementing one of the two assignments can be overcome by hybridizing the two approaches aiming at bridging users' fairness to system-wide efficiency. The survey reviews the state-of-the-art of these trade-off approaches

研究动机与目标

  • 解决用户均衡的低效问题,即自私路由导致总行程时间增加和‘无政府状态的代价’。
  • 克服系统最优的公平性问题,即尽管系统整体效率高,部分用户仍面临更长的行程时间。
  • 开发一种混合方法,在最小化总系统行程时间的同时保持用户公平性。
  • 利用现有ITS技术,实现协调式交通分配在现实城市网络中的实际应用。
  • 利用新兴的自动驾驶汽车和车对车(V2V)通信能力,实现可扩展的实时协调。

提出的方法

  • 引入一种协调式交通分配机制,由中央机构(领导者)为部分驾驶员分配路径,以引导系统向更高效的状态演进。
  • 应用斯塔克尔贝格(Stackelberg)路由原则,领导者预判剩余用户(跟随者)的自私响应,以优化整体网络性能。
  • 整合有界理性用户均衡模型,以反映现实中的驾驶员行为,包括路径约束和电动汽车的续航焦虑。
  • 利用实时交通数据和车对车(V2V)通信,动态调整路径分配以减少拥堵。
  • 结合拥堵定价和激励机制,使个体激励与系统整体效率保持一致。
  • 将问题建模为双层优化:领导者在满足跟随者行为被建模为用户均衡的约束下,最小化总行程时间。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在静态交通分配中,如何同时实现用户公平性与系统整体效率?
  • RQ2在不扩建基础设施的前提下,协调式路由在城市网络中能在多大程度上降低无政府状态的代价?
  • RQ3ITS技术与自动驾驶汽车协调在实现混合交通分配的实际应用中起到何种作用?
  • RQ4有界理性和行为假设如何影响混合路由模型的稳定性和效率?
  • RQ5在现实交通网络中,部分合规的斯塔克尔贝格路由能否实现接近系统最优的性能?

主要发现

  • 该混合方法通过引导部分用户选择系统最优路径,显著降低了无政府状态的代价,提升了整体网络效率。
  • 采用战略性领导者-跟随者分配的斯塔克尔贝格路由已被证明能有效控制无政府状态的代价,尤其当领导者控制关键比例的交通量时效果更显著。
  • 协调式交通分配在最小化总行程时间方面优于纯用户均衡,同时在相同起讫对的用户之间保持了公平性。
  • 整合有界理性用户均衡模型增强了模型的现实性,能够考虑路径约束和驾驶员行为,提升了模型的鲁棒性。
  • 现有的ITS技术,如动态信息提示、拥堵定价和V2V通信,足以实现实时协调机制。
  • 该方法具有可扩展性,并能适应新兴的出行趋势,包括电动汽车和5G支持的实时协调。

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