[论文解读] Building a Credible Case for Safety: Waymo's Approach for the Determination of Absence of Unreasonable Risk

Francesca Favarò, Laura Fraade-Blanar+7 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 2, 2023

Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy被引用 15

一句话总结

论文提出 Waymo 构建完全自动驾驶可信安全案例的蓝图，详细描述一种分层、动态且可信的安全框架，该框架对方法论无关且对任何自动驾驶开发者有用。

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an overview of Waymo's approach to building a reliable case for safety - a novel and thorough blueprint for use by any company building fully autonomous driving systems. A safety case for fully autonomous operations is a formal way to explain how a company determines that an AV system is safe enough to be deployed on public roads without a human driver, and it includes evidence to support that determination. It involves an explanation of the system, the methodologies used to develop it, the metrics used to validate it and the actual results of validation tests. Yet, in order to develop a worthwhile safety case, it is first important to understand what makes one credible and well crafted, and align on evaluation criteria. This paper helps enabling such alignment by providing foundational thinking into not only how a system is determined to be ready for deployment but also into justifying that the set of acceptance criteria employed in such determination is sufficient and that their evaluation (and associated methods) is credible. The publication is structured around three complementary perspectives on safety that build upon content published by Waymo since 2020: a layered approach to safety; a dynamic approach to safety; and a credible approach to safety. The proposed approach is methodology-agnostic, so that anyone in the space could employ portions or all of it.

研究动机与目标

• 解释什么使完全自动驾驶的安全案例具有可信性。
• 描述支撑安全案例的 Waymo 三个互补安全视角。
• 提供一个方法论无关的框架，供他人采用以证明不存在不合理风险。

提出的方法

• 概述将多种视角结合的分层安全方法。
• 提出一个动态的安全方法，考虑条件变化和系统演变。
• 提出一个可信的安全方法，聚焦于论证和证据质量。
• 提供关于将评估标准对齐并确保验证方法可信性的指导。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 如何构建一个对利益相关者既可信又被接受的完全自动驾驶运营安全案例？
• RQ2 支持自动驾驶可信安全案例的互补安全视角有哪些？
• RQ3 如何证明接受标准和验证方法充足且可信，以用于部署决策？

主要发现

• Waymo 提出一个三视角框架（分层、动态、可信）来构建安全案例。
• 框架被描述为方法论无关，便于不同机构广泛采用。
• 论文强调在评估标准的一致性以及用于验证安全性的方法论的可信性方面的一致性。
• 一份正式的安全案例解释系统细节、方法、指标和验证结果，以支持部署决策。