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[论文解读] Carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios in Arcturus and Aldebaran: Constraining the parameters for non convective mixing on the RGB

C. Abia, S. Palmerini|arXiv (Cornell University)|Oct 3, 2012
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies参考文献 67被引用 28
一句话总结

本研究利用高分辨率红外光谱对北极星和毕宿五的碳和氧同位素比值进行重新分析,以约束红巨星支上的非湍流混合过程。研究发现,观测到的同位素丰度超过仅由首次混合作用预测的值,表明需要快速、非扩散性的混合机制,从而排除了缓慢扩散过程,更倾向于磁浮力或中等速度环流等机制来解释这些异常。

ABSTRACT

We re-analysed the carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios in the atmospheres of the two bright K giants Arcturus and Aldebaran. Previous determinations of their 16O/18O ratios showed a rough agreement with FDU expectations; however, the estimated 16O/17O and 12C/13C ratios were lower than in the canonical predictions. These anomalies are interpreted as signs of the occurrence of non-convective mixing episodes. We re-investigated this issue in order to verify whether the observed data can be reproduced in this hypothesis and if the well determined properties of the two stars can help us in fixing the uncertain parameters characterizing non-convective mixing and its physical nature. We used high-resolution infrared spectra to derive the 12C/13C and 16O/17O/18O ratios from CO molecular lines near 5 mu. We also reconsidered the determination of the stellar parameters to build the proper atmospheric and evolutionary models. We found that both the C and the O isotopic ratios for the two stars considered actually disagree with pure FDU predictions. This reinforces the idea that non-convective transport episodes occurred in them. By reproducing the observed elemental and isotopic abundances with the help of parametric models of nucleosynthesis and mass circulation, we derived constraints on the properties of non convective mixing. We find that very slow mixing is incapable of explaining the observed data, which require a fast transport. Circulation mechanisms with speeds intermediate between those typical of diffusive and of convective mixing should be at play. We however conclude with a word of caution on the conclusions possible at this stage, as the parameters for the mass transport are rather sensitive to the stellar mass and initial composition.

研究动机与目标

  • 利用更新的高分辨率红外光谱,重新评估北极星和毕宿五的碳和氧同位素比值。
  • 检验这些K型巨星中观测到的同位素异常是否能通过标准首次混合作用之外的非湍流混合过程来解释。
  • 利用精确确定的恒星物理参数,约束非湍流混合的物理参数,特别是混合速度和效率。
  • 评估不同混合机制(如扩散、磁浮力、热盐混合)在解释观测到的丰度异常方面的可行性。
  • 通过利用两颗研究充分的巨星的精确恒星参数,降低混合参数的不确定性。

提出的方法

  • 利用文献中的高分辨率红外光谱(波长约5 μm)通过局部热动平衡(LTE)光谱拟合,测定12C/13C和16O/17O/18O比值。
  • 基于太阳红外光谱的ACE-FTS星表,构建更新的原子和分子谱线列表。
  • 修订恒星大气参数(Teff, log g, [Fe/H]),以确保与演化模型的一致性。
  • 应用耦合核合成与质量输运的参数化模型,模拟同位素丰度的演化过程。
  • 将模型预测与观测到的同位素比值进行比较,推断所需的混合扩散系数(D_mix)。
  • 通过将预测的D_mix值与观测约束进行比较,评估不同混合机制(如扩散、磁浮力、热盐混合)的物理合理性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1北极星和毕宿五中观测到的12C/13C和16O/17O/18O比值在多大程度上偏离标准首次混合作用的预测?
  • RQ2为重现这些恒星中观测到的同位素丰度,所需的混合扩散系数(D_mix)是多少?
  • RQ3纯粹的扩散混合过程能否解释观测到的同位素异常,还是需要更快的输运机制?
  • RQ4哪些物理机制(如磁浮力、热盐混合或旋转对流)能够产生推断出的混合速度?
  • RQ5推导出的混合参数对恒星质量与初始组成不确定性的敏感度如何?

主要发现

  • 北极星和毕宿五中观测到的12C/13C和16O/17O/18O比值显著偏离标准首次混合作用的预测,表明存在额外的混合过程。
  • 极慢的混合过程,如与扩散过程相关的(D_mix ~ 10^(-2) cm²/s),不足以解释观测到的同位素比值。
  • 所需的混合扩散系数(D_mix)暗示输运速度约为每秒零点几厘米,表明其机制快于扩散但慢于对流。
  • 磁浮力被识别为能够产生所需混合速度的可行物理机制,尤其在红巨星中存在大尺度磁域时更为显著。
  • 结果表明,热盐扩散本身不太可能解释观测数据,特别是由于三维模拟中不利的纵横比。
  • 若能降低恒星质量与初始组成的不确定性(尤其是北极星),将显著改善对混合参数的约束。

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