[论文解读] Cement Dust Exposure and Risk of Hyperglycemia and Overweight among Artisans and Residents Close to a Cement Factory in Sokoto, Nigeria

T Yahaya, KA Sani+6 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 28, 2024

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare被引用 1

一句话总结

本研究调查了尼日利亚索科托市附近水泥厂周边工匠及居民接触水泥粉尘与代谢健康风险（特别是高血糖和超重/肥胖）之间的关联。基于索科托市卡拉姆拜纳72名参与者的横断面数据，研究发现长期暴露（>15小时/天）、吸烟及手工污染暴露显著增加了糖尿病（52.78%）和糖尿病前期（31.94%）的患病率，同时41.67%超重，6.94%肥胖，表明水泥粉尘是代谢障碍的关键环境风险因素。

ABSTRACT

Abstract The potential health risks of cement dust exposure are increasingly raising concern worldwide as the cement industry expands in response to rising cement demand. This necessitates the need to determine the nature of the risks in order to develop appropriate measures. This study determined the effects of cement dust exposure on the weight and blood glucose levels of people residing or working around a cement company in Sokoto, Nigeria. Demographic information was obtained using questionnaires from 72 participants, which included age, gender, educational level, exposure hours, occupation, and lifestyle. The blood glucose levels and body mass index (BMI) were measured using a Fine Test glucometer and a mechanical scale, respectively. The results showed that most of the people living or working around the cement company were middle-aged men (31-40; 42.06%) with a primary (33.33%) or secondary (45.83%) school education. It showed that 30 (41.69%) of the participants were overweight while 5 (6.94%) were obese. Additionally, 52.78% of the participants were diabetic while 31.94% were prediabetic. Participants that were exposed for long hours (> 15 hours per day) were the most diabetic (20% of the participants), followed by smokers (15%), and artisans (7%). It can be concluded that exposure to cement dust from the company increased the risk of overweight, obesity, and hyperglycemia among the participants. These health risks were worsened by daily long hours of exposure, smoking, and artisanal pollutant exposure. Human settlements and artisans should not be located near the cement company, and the company should minimize pollutant emissions. Keywords:Blood glucose, Cement dust, Hyperglycemia, Lifestyle, Smoking

研究动机与目标

• 评估尼日利亚索科托市附近居民及工匠接触水泥粉尘对血糖水平和身体质量指数（BMI）的影响。
• 评估人口学因素、职业暴露时长、吸烟及手工污染物暴露在影响高血糖和超重/肥胖中的作用。
• 为公共卫生和环境政策干预提供证据，以减轻水泥工业排放相关的健康风险。

提出的方法

• 采用描述性横断面研究设计，收集尼日利亚索科托市卡拉姆拜纳72名参与者的资料。
• 使用结构化问卷收集人口学和生活方式数据，包括年龄、性别、教育程度、职业、暴露时长及吸烟状况。
• 使用Fine Test血糖仪通过指尖采血测量血糖水平，并使用机械秤测量体重和身高以计算BMI。
• 参与者被分类为糖尿病（空腹血糖≥126 mg/dL）、糖尿病前期（110–125 mg/dL）或正常（≤110 mg/dL），BMI分类采用标准阈值。
• 统计分析比较了不同暴露时长、吸烟状况及职业群体中高血糖和超重/肥胖的患病率。
• 评估环境与健康风险因素，以确定其对代谢障碍的贡献。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 在尼日利亚索科托市附近水泥厂周边居住的居民和工匠中，高血糖和超重/肥胖的患病率如何？
• RQ2 每日接触水泥粉尘的时长与患糖尿病或糖尿病前期的风险之间是否存在相关性？
• RQ3 吸烟和手工职业活动在多大程度上加剧了该人群高血糖和超重的风险？
• RQ4 水泥粉尘暴露与胰岛素抵抗及糖代谢受损等代谢紊乱之间存在何种关系？

主要发现

• 52.78%的参与者被诊断为糖尿病，显著高于世界卫生组织报告的全国平均4.3%。
• 31.94%的参与者处于糖尿病前期范围，表明暴露人群中存在严重的糖代谢异常负担。
• 41.67%的参与者超重（BMI ≥25），6.94%肥胖（BMI ≥30），表明水泥粉尘暴露与体脂增加存在强烈关联。
• 每日暴露于水泥粉尘超过15小时的参与者糖尿病患病率最高，达20%，凸显剂量-反应关系。
• 吸烟者糖尿病患病率为15%，工匠为7%，均高于非吸烟者和非工匠，表明存在叠加风险因素。
• 研究发现，长期接触水泥粉尘，加之吸烟和手工污染物暴露，显著增加了发生高血糖和代谢障碍的风险。