[论文解读] Ceramics Fragments Digitization by Photogrammetry, Reconstructions and Applications

Jean-Baptiste Barreau, Théophane Nicolas+6 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Dec 3, 2014

3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage参考文献 5被引用 15

一句话总结

本文提出了一种低成本、易获取的摄影测量工作流程，用于数字化法国两个发掘遗址的陶瓷碎片，实现原始陶器形态的三维重建。通过使用经济实惠的设备和开源工具，该方法支持度量分析及展示用三维打印模型的制作，展示了在考古学中以极低财务投入整合三维技术的实用性。

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an application of photogrammetry on ceramic fragments from two excavation sites located north-west of France. The restitution by photogrammetry of these different fragments allowed reconstructions of the potteries in their original state or at least to get to as close as possible. We used the 3D reconstructions to compute some metrics and to generate a presentation support by using a 3D printer. This work is based on affordable tools and illustrates how 3D technologies can be quite easily integrated in archaeology process with limited financial resources. 1. INTRODUCTION Today, photogrammetry and 3D modelling are an integral part of the methods used in archeology and heritage management. They provide answers to scientific needs in the fields of conservation, preservation, restoration and mediation of architectural, archaeological and cultural heritage [2] [6] [7] [9]. Photogrammetry on ceramic fragments was one of the first applications contemporary of the development of this technique applied in the archaeological community [3]. More recently and due to its democratization, it was applied more generally to artifacts [5]. Finally joined today by the rise of 3D printing [8] [10], it can restore fragmented artifacts [1] [12]. These examples target one or several particular objects and use different types of equipment that can be expensive. These aspects can put off uninitiated archaeologists. So it would be appropriate to see if these techniques could be generalized to a whole class of geometrically simple and common artifacts, such as ceramics. From these observations, associated to ceramics specialists with fragments of broken ceramics, we aimed at arranging different tools and methods, including photogrammetry, to explore opportunities for a cheap and attainable reconstruction methodology and its possible applications. Our first objective was to establish a protocol for scanning fragments with photogrammetry, and for reconstruction of original ceramics. We used the digital reconstitutions of the ceramics we got following our process to calculate some metrics and to design and 3D print a display for the remaining fragments of one pottery.

研究动机与目标

• 开发一种基于摄影测量法的低成本、易获取的陶瓷碎片数字化方法，适用于考古学背景。
• 利用三维建模技术，从碎片化遗存中重建完整的陶器形态。
• 通过重建的三维模型实现度量计算，并制作物理三维打印模型，以支持博物馆展示与教育应用。
• 证明在无需高昂财务或技术门槛的情况下，将三维技术整合进常规考古工作流程的可行性。
• 通过可及的三维记录方式，支持陶瓷等几何形态简单、常见的文物的保护、传播与研究。

提出的方法

• 使用标准数码单反相机和简易照明设置，对陶瓷碎片进行摄影测量。
• 从多个角度拍摄多张重叠照片，以确保每块碎片表面得到完整覆盖。
• 采用运动结构（SfM）算法，从图像序列生成密集的三维点云和带纹理的网格模型。
• 使用网格编辑工具，手动对单个碎片的三维模型进行对齐，并在虚拟环境中重新组合成完整的陶器形态。
• 从重建的三维模型中提取体积、表面积和口沿直径等计算度量。
• 基于重建的数字形态，制作三维打印展示模型，以支持碎片的实物展示。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 是否可以使用低成本设备有效通过摄影测量法从碎片化遗存中重建完整的陶器？
• RQ2 从陶瓷碎片的摄影测量三维重建中，其度量测量结果在多大程度上可靠？
• RQ3 基于重建陶瓷的三维打印模型如何支持考古传播与教育？
• RQ4 在财务与技术资源有限的条件下，将摄影测量法整合进常规考古记录工作的可行性如何？
• RQ5 开源与低成本工具是否足以实现考古记录与分析所需的精度？

主要发现

• 基于摄影测量的工作流程成功实现了从碎片化陶瓷遗存中高保真度地重建完整陶器形态，视觉与几何精度均较高。
• 从三维重建中提取的度量数据具有一致性，适用于考古学语境下的比较分析。
• 基于数字重建成功制作了三维打印展示模型，验证了该方法的实际应用价值。
• 整个流程均使用低成本、易获取的工具实现，证明其在考古项目中常规应用的可扩展性。
• 该方法在无需专业或昂贵设备的情况下，有效实现了对常见、几何形态简单的文物（如陶瓷）的记录与传播。
• 摄影测量、度量分析与三维打印的整合，形成了一条连贯的文档化、研究与公众传播工作流程。