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[论文解读] Chaotic micro-comb based parallel ranging

Anton Lukashchuk, Johann Riemensberger|arXiv (Cornell University)|Dec 19, 2021
Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies被引用 6
一句话总结

本文展示了一种基于克尔微谐振腔中通过调制不稳定性产生的混沌微梳的新型并行相干激光雷达系统。通过利用混沌梳线固有的随机振幅与相位调制,该方法实现了抗干扰、大规模并行测距,具备厘米级分辨率,覆盖40个独立通道,具有高转换效率,且无需外部调制器或复杂的激光启动程序。

ABSTRACT

The transition to chaos is ubiquitous in nonlinear systems ranging from fluid dynamics and superconducting circuits to biological organisms. Optical systems driven out of equilibrium such as lasers and supercontinuum generation exhibit chaotic states of light with fluctuations of both amplitude and phase and can give rise to Levy statistics, turbulence, and rogue waves. Spatio-temporal chaos also occurs in continuous-wave driven photonic chip based Kerr micro-resonators, where it is referred to as chaotic modulation instability. Such modulation instability states have generally been considered impractical for applications, in contrast to their coherent light state counterparts, which include soliton or dark-pulse states. Here we demonstrate that incoherent and chaotic states of light in an optical microresonator can be harnessed to implement unambiguous and interference-immune massively parallel coherent laser ranging by using the intrinsic random amplitude and phase modulation of the chaotic comb lines. We utilize 40 distinct lines of a microresonator frequency comb operated in the modulation instability regime. Each line carries more than 1 GHz noise bandwidth, which greatly surpasses the cavity linewidth, and enables to retrieve the distance of objects with cm-scale resolution. Our approach utilizes one of the most widely accessible microcomb states, and offers -- in contrast to dissipative Kerr soliton states -- high conversion efficiency, as well as flat optical spectra, and alleviates the need for complex laser initiation routines. Moreover the approach generates wideband signal modulation without requiring any electro-optical modulator or microwave synthesizer. Viewed more broadly, similar optical systems capable of chaotic dynamics could be applied to random modulation optical ranging as well as spread spectrum communication and optical cryptography systems.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种鲁棒、可扩展且抗干扰的并行激光雷达系统,适用于存在高相互干扰和环境光的现实场景。
  • 利用混沌微梳态固有的随机振幅与相位调制(此前被认为不切实际)用于相干测距应用。
  • 仅使用单一微梳光源,实现高分辨率、大规模并行的距离与速度测量,无需电光调制器或微波合成器。
  • 通过利用具有平坦光谱和高转换效率的更易获取且高效的混沌态,为孤子基微梳提供一种实用的替代方案。
  • 实现实时传感中无需重配置波形即可动态调整积分时间,以提升信噪比,增强适应性。

提出的方法

  • 使用单一泵浦激光器激发两个微谐振腔:一个生成混沌微梳(信号),另一个产生具有相同模式间隔的孤子微梳(本振)。
  • 通过衍射光栅实现空间复用,将每个混沌梳线作为独立的RMCW(随机调制连续波)通道,用于并行距离与速度传感。
  • 通过在平衡光电探测器上混合信号、参考与本振梳线,实现外差检测,随后进行互相关运算以估计时间延迟。
  • 利用混沌调制不稳定性态中固有的宽带噪声(每根线超过1 GHz),实现无需外部调制器的宽带信号调制。
  • 应用数字高通滤波(截止频率550 MHz)以分离信号并提高相干RMCW检测中的分辨率,实现厘米级距离分辨率。
  • 通过混沌梳线与孤子本振之间的拍频信号自相关推断距离分辨率,以半高全宽(FWHM)作为度量标准。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1能否将通常被视为不切实际的混沌微梳态用于高分辨率、并行相干激光雷达?
  • RQ2混沌梳线固有的随机调制在多大程度上可实现与传统RMCW系统相当的抗干扰且无模糊的测距?
  • RQ3在调制不稳定性区域,单个混沌梳线的距离分辨率如何随泵浦失谐与克尔非线性变化而变化?
  • RQ4该系统能否在无需外部调制器或复杂激光启动程序的情况下实现厘米级分辨率,同时保持高转换效率和平坦的光谱响应?
  • RQ5能否在不重配置发射波形的前提下,实时动态调整测量积分时间以优化信噪比?

主要发现

  • 基于混沌微梳的激光雷达在40个独立通道中实现了厘米级距离分辨率,距离分辨率通过混沌梳线与本振之间拍频信号自相关轨迹的FWHM推断得出。
  • 系统表现出信噪比(SNR)随测量时间线性增加,证实了相干平均,支持长积分时间以提升检测性能。
  • 混沌梳线每根线的噪声带宽超过1 GHz,显著超过腔线宽,实现了无需外部调制的高分辨率测距。
  • 该方法实现了高转换效率和平坦的光谱响应,无需复杂的激光启动程序,与孤子基微梳相比具有显著优势。
  • 系统可实时动态调整积分时间,在低检测率下仍保持性能,如1–10 µs像素采集时间的成像结果所示。
  • 数值与实验结果均表明,随着泵浦失谐趋近调制不稳定性阈值,距离分辨率得到提升,FWHM从约100 ps降低至约30 ps。

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