[论文解读] City ecosystem resilience analysis in case of disasters

Domenico Asprone, Massimo Cavallaro+3 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 13, 2013

Urban Design and Spatial Analysis参考文献 20被引用 1

一句话总结

本文提出一种混合社会-物理网络模型，通过整合街道网络与市民、住宅建筑及服务设施，利用复杂网络理论启发的网络效率度量方法，量化城市韧性。该方法在意大利阿凯拉市的模拟地震中得到应用，有效评估并比较了不同重建策略在恢复城市系统性能方面的能力。

ABSTRACT

One of the most important tasks of urban and hazard planning is to mitigate the damages and minimize the costs of the recovery process after catastrophic events. The rapidity and the efficiency of the recovery process are commonly referred to as resilience. Despite the problem of resilience quantification has received a lot of attention, a mathematical definition of the resilience of an urban community, which takes into account the social aspects of a urban environment, has not yet been identified. In this paper we provide and test a methodology for the assessment of urban resilience to catastrophic events which aims at bridging the gap between the engineering and the ecosystem approaches to resilience. We propose to model a urban system by means of different hybrid social-physical complex networks, obtained by enriching the urban street network with additional information about the social and physical constituents of a city, namely citizens, residential buildings and services. Then, we introduce a class of efficiency measures on these hybrid networks, inspired by the definition of global efficiency given in complex network theory, and we show that these measures can be effectively used to quantify the resilience of a urban system, by comparing their respective values before and after a catastrophic event and during the reconstruction process. As a case study, we consider simulated earthquakes in the city of Acerra, Italy, and we use these efficiency measures to compare the ability of different reconstruction strategies in restoring the original performance of the urban system.

研究动机与目标

• 为解决缺乏统一数学定义的城市韧性问题，该定义需同时涵盖社会与物理维度。
• 弥合城市系统中基于工程与基于生态的韧性方法之间的差距。
• 开发一种可量化的评估方法，用于衡量重大事件发生时及之后的城市韧性。
• 评估不同重建策略在恢复城市系统功能方面的作用效果。

提出的方法

• 将城市系统建模为混合复杂网络，通过整合物理街道网络与市民、住宅建筑及服务等社会与物理构成要素。
• 在这些混合网络上定义一类全局效率度量方法，受复杂网络理论中全局效率度量的启发。
• 利用灾难发生前、期间及之后的效率值，量化系统性能与韧性。
• 通过比较不同重建策略的效率变化轨迹，评估其在恢复城市功能方面的相对有效性。
• 将该框架应用于意大利阿凯拉市模拟地震的案例研究，使用真实的城市数据。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 如何从数学上定义城市韧性，以同时包含城市的社会与物理组成部分？
• RQ2 不同重建策略在灾后在多大程度上能恢复城市系统的功能性能？
• RQ3 网络效率度量是否能有效捕捉城市系统性能在整个灾后恢复生命周期中的变化？

主要发现

• 所提出的混合网络模型成功地将城市的社会与物理组成部分整合进统一的韧性评估框架中。
• 网络效率度量提供了一种可量化且可解释的指标，用于追踪灾难发生前、期间及之后的城市系统性能。
• 不同重建策略产生了不同的效率恢复轨迹，从而实现了对其有效性的客观比较。
• 该方法表明，优先恢复关键服务与住宅节点的策略能更快地恢复系统整体功能。