[论文解读] Cognitive Functions of the Brain: Perception, Attention and Memory

Jiawei Zhang|arXiv (Cornell University)|May 30, 2019

Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function参考文献 2被引用 38

一句话总结

一份教程式综述，概述感知、注意力和记忆作为核心认知功能，包括它们的过程、类型和理论模型。

ABSTRACT

This is a follow-up tutorial article of [17] and [16], in this paper, we will introduce several important cognitive functions of the brain. Brain cognitive functions are the mental processes that allow us to receive, select, store, transform, develop, and recover information that we've received from external stimuli. This process allows us to understand and to relate to the world more effectively. Cognitive functions are brain-based skills we need to carry out any task from the simplest to the most complex. They are related with the mechanisms of how we learn, remember, problem-solve, and pay attention, etc. To be more specific, in this paper, we will talk about the perception, attention and memory functions of the human brain. Several other brain cognitive functions, e.g., arousal, decision making, natural language, motor coordination, planning, problem solving and thinking, will be added to this paper in the later versions, respectively. Many of the materials used in this paper are from wikipedia and several other neuroscience introductory articles, which will be properly cited in this paper. This is the last of the three tutorial articles about the brain. The readers are suggested to read this paper after the previous two tutorial articles on brain structure and functions [17] as well as the brain basic neural units [16].

研究动机与目标

• 将认知功能解释为大脑基础的获取和处理信息的技能。
• 详细描述感知过程、感知方式以及感知处理的类型。
• 总结注意力机制、视觉注意力模型和多任务概念。
• 讨论记忆类型（感官记忆、工作记忆、长期记忆）及记忆过程（编码、巩固、存储、检索）。

提出的方法

• 基于文献的综合综述，借鉴神经科学与入门级资料。
• 将感知处理描述为远端/近端刺激与转换。
• 注意模型（聚光灯/变焦镜头；FIT 与 AET）以及多任务概念的概述。
• 对记忆类型与阶段进行定义与关系的分类。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 本文讨论的脑部主要认知功能有哪些？
• RQ2 在脑功能的背景下，感知、注意力和记忆如何被定义和区分？
• RQ3 哪些模型描述视觉注意力，它们如何解释多任务和同时注意？
• RQ4 记忆的类型和过程是什么，它们是如何编码、存储和检索的？

主要发现

• 感知涉及处理感官输入以及受学习、记忆、期望和注意力影响的高层次解释。
• 视觉注意力通过两阶段模型来描述（先进行统一处理，再进行聚焦处理），并有聚光灯和变焦镜头的类比。
• 多任务会带来性能成本，资源理论和模态干扰塑造了分配注意。
• 注意力可以是显性注意或隐性注意、外源性或内源性，二者在定向的神经结构上具有共享性。
• 记忆分为感官记忆、工作记忆（短时记忆）和长期记忆，过程包括编码、巩固、存储和检索。