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[论文解读] Color Image steganography using Deep convolutional Autoencoders based on ResNet architecture

Seyed Hesam Odin Hashemi, Mohammad‐Hassan Majidi|arXiv (Cornell University)|Nov 17, 2022
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques参考文献 24被引用 4
一句话总结

本文提出了一种基于深度学习的彩色图像隐写方法,采用受ResNet启发的卷积自编码器,实现高容量、高安全性和不可察觉的数据隐藏。该模型在嵌入和提取过程中使用共享架构,在COCO和CelebA数据集上实现PSNR >40 dB和SSIM >0.98,全彩图像的隐藏容量达到每像素8比特。

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a deep learning color image steganography scheme combining convolutional autoencoders and ResNet architecture is proposed. Traditional steganography methods suffer from some critical defects such as low capacity, security, and robustness. In recent decades, image hiding and image extraction were realized by autoencoder convolutional neural networks to solve the aforementioned challenges. The contribution of this paper is introducing a new scheme for color image steganography inspired by ResNet architecture. The reverse ResNet architecture is utilized to extract the secret image from the stego image. In the proposed method, all images are passed through the prepossess model which is a convolutional deep neural network with the aim of feature extraction. Then, the operational model generates stego and extracted images. In fact, the operational model is an autoencoder based on ResNet structure that produces an image from feature maps. The advantage of proposed structure is identity of models in embedding and extraction phases. The performance of the proposed method is studied using COCO and CelebA datasets. For quantitative comparisons with previous related works, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), the structural similarity index (SSIM) and hiding capacity are evaluated. The experimental results verify that the proposed scheme performs better than traditional and pervious deep steganography methods. The PSNR and SSIM are more than 40 dB and 0.98, respectively that implies high imperceptibility of the proposed method. Also, this method can hide a color image of the same size in another color image, which can be inferred that the relative capacity of the proposed method is 8 bits per pixel.

研究动机与目标

  • 为解决传统隐写方法存在的容量低、安全性差和鲁棒性有限等局限性。
  • 开发一种深度学习框架,实现在载体图像中高保真地嵌入和提取秘密彩色图像。
  • 利用ResNet的残差学习结构,提升隐写系统中的特征表示能力和重建质量。
  • 实现嵌入和提取模型的对称性,以简化部署并增强一致性。
  • 在标准数据集(COCO和CelebA)上,通过PSNR、SSIM和隐藏容量等指标评估该方法。

提出的方法

  • 使用基于卷积深度神经网络的预处理模型,从载体图像和秘密图像中提取特征。
  • 操作模型采用基于ResNet的自编码器结构,从提取的特征生成含密图像。
  • 自编码器采用受ResNet启发的跳跃连接,以稳定训练过程并改善端到端学习中的梯度流动。
  • 嵌入和提取均使用相同的模型架构,确保对称性并简化实现。
  • 该方法以端到端方式运行,学习将秘密图像映射为含密图像,同时保持视觉质量。
  • 网络通过最小化原始秘密图像与提取图像之间的重建损失进行训练,同时使用感知相似性和结构相似性度量。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1基于ResNet的深度自编码器是否能在保持高隐藏容量的同时,实现彩色图像隐写中的高度不可察觉性?
  • RQ2在嵌入和提取中使用共享模型架构是否能提升系统一致性并简化部署?
  • RQ3与传统方法及先前基于深度学习的隐写方法相比,该方法在PSNR和SSIM指标上的表现如何?
  • RQ4该架构在全彩图像中可实现的最大隐藏容量是多少?
  • RQ5当秘密图像与载体图像大小相同时,该方法能否有效保持结构和感知质量?

主要发现

  • 所提方法实现的峰值信噪比(PSNR)超过40 dB,表明含密图像具有高视觉保真度和不可察觉性。
  • 结构相似性指数(SSIM)超过0.98,证实含密图像保留了原始载体图像的结构细节。
  • 隐藏容量达到每像素8比特,可实现与载体图像大小相同的全彩秘密图像嵌入。
  • 在定量和定性评估中,该方法均优于传统方法及先前基于深度学习的隐写技术。
  • 嵌入和提取阶段均采用对称架构,确保秘密图像的一致且可靠的重建。

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