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[论文解读] Comprehensive characterization of an apparatus for cold electromagnetic dysprosium dipoles

Gregor Anich, Höllrigl, Niclas|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 25, 2023
Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics参考文献 89被引用 5
一句话总结

本文提出了一套用于超冷电磁镝偶极子的最先进装置,将具有亚微米分辨率的量子气体显微镜与单个真空腔室中的原子输运系统集成。该装置实现了对164Dy原子的精确装载、输运与定位,用于量子模拟,展示了具有各向异性偶极-偶极相互作用的可调自旋模型,包括通过微波编织近邻Dy能级实现的非对称自旋交换和自旋-轨道耦合。

ABSTRACT

We report on the development of an advanced ultracold dysprosium apparatus, which incorporates a cold atom microscope (CAM) with a design resolution of a quarter micrometer. The CAM and the cooling and trapping regions are within the same vacuum glass vessel ensuring simple atom transport between them. We demonstrate the essential experimental steps of laser and evaporative cooling, lattice loading, transporting and precise positioning of a cloud of the bosonic isotope $^{164}$Dy at the CAM focal plane. Basic characterization of the CAM and future plans in enabling its full capacity are outlined. We also present a feasible platform for simulating complex spin models of quantum magnetism, such as the $XYZ$ model, by exploiting a set of closely spaced opposite parity levels in Dy with a large magnetic and electric dipole moment. We isolate a degenerate isospin-1/2 system, which possesses both magnetic and electric dipole-dipole coupling, containing Ising, exchange and spin-orbit terms. The last gives rise to a spin model with asymmetric tunable rates that depend on the lattice geometry.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种集成于单个真空腔室内的高分辨率量子气体显微镜,用于超冷镝原子。
  • 实现在显微镜焦平面处对164Dy玻色子原子的精确输运与定位,实现单点分辨率。
  • 构建一个具有磁偶极与电偶极-偶极相互作用的简并同位旋-1/2系统,用于模拟复杂自旋模型。
  • 通过微波编织Dy超精细能级,实现可调自旋-轨道耦合与非对称自旋交换速率。
  • 建立一个平台,用于实现与探测非平凡量子磁性,包括几何阻挫自旋液体与拓扑物相。

提出的方法

  • 利用分辨率为0.25 µm的量子气体显微镜,在单个真空腔室内成像单个164Dy原子。
  • 采用激光冷却与蒸发冷却技术,制备164Dy原子的简并量子气体。
  • 将原子装载至光晶格,并以亚微米精度输运至显微镜焦平面。
  • 对由|J=9, m=0⟩与|J=10, m=0⟩态构成的简并两能级系统施加微波编织,以相干混合磁偶极与电偶极矩。
  • 将偶极-偶极相互作用投影至编织基态,生成具有可调伊辛项、交换项与自旋-轨道项的自旋哈密顿量。
  • 通过调节微波拉比频率与失谐量,调控混合角,以控制磁偶极与电偶极相互作用的相对强度。
Figure 1: Relevant optical transitions used in the experiment. Two options for STIRAP to the OPS are shown. The inset shows a zoom into the OPS with a possibility to engineer a degenerate isospin-1/2 system coupled both with eDDI and mDDI. The relevant magnetic sublevels of the OPS are shown at no f
Figure 1: Relevant optical transitions used in the experiment. Two options for STIRAP to the OPS are shown. The inset shows a zoom into the OPS with a possibility to engineer a degenerate isospin-1/2 system coupled both with eDDI and mDDI. The relevant magnetic sublevels of the OPS are shown at no f

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1是否可将高分辨率量子气体显微镜与冷原子源在单个真空腔室内相干集成,实现原位成像?
  • RQ2微波编织Dy超精细能级在多大程度上能生成具有磁偶极与电偶极-偶极相互作用的可调、各向异性自旋模型?
  • RQ3在晶格几何结构中,自旋-轨道耦合如何从偶极-偶极相互作用中自然涌现?其是否可独立调节?
  • RQ4在磁偶极与电偶极-偶极相互作用共存的系统中,可实现的相互作用速率与相干时间分别是多少?
  • RQ5该平台是否能够实现并探测如量子自旋液体或拓扑自旋液体等非平凡量子物相?

主要发现

  • 该装置在单个真空腔室内实现了亚微米分辨率(0.25 µm),可直接在输运后成像164Dy原子。
  • 系统展示了在显微镜焦平面处对164Dy原子的精确装载与定位,损耗极低。
  • 微波编织实现了磁偶极与电偶极矩的相干混合,生成具有非对称自旋交换速率的可调自旋模型。
  • 自旋-轨道耦合项与sin(2φij)成正比,自然源自偶极-偶极相互作用,且依赖于晶格几何结构。
  • 通过调节混合角,相互作用速率可调至约700 Hz,最大混合态的寿命超过250 ms。
  • 该平台支持同时调节磁偶极与电偶极相互作用,可实现复杂自旋模型,如XYZ与t-J哈密顿量。
Figure 2: View of the main vacuum apparatus, consisting of a Dy atomic-beam oven, transverse cooling section, ZS and main glass cell. Regarding the magnetic field coils, only the bottom combination under the glass cell (two sets of gradient and offset coils for both MOT and QGM regions) is shown.
Figure 2: View of the main vacuum apparatus, consisting of a Dy atomic-beam oven, transverse cooling section, ZS and main glass cell. Regarding the magnetic field coils, only the bottom combination under the glass cell (two sets of gradient and offset coils for both MOT and QGM regions) is shown.

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