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[论文解读] Compressively sampling the optical transmission matrix of a multimode fibre

Shuhui Li, Charles Saunders|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 31, 2020
Random lasers and scattering media参考文献 50被引用 12
一句话总结

本文提出利用压缩感知技术,仅需远少于传统方法所需的探测测量数,即可重建多模光纤(MMF)的光学传输矩阵(TM)。通过利用先验知识(如记忆效应、系统模型或退化的先验TM),该方法在压缩比低至1%(仅8次测量)时仍能实现高保真度的TM重建,从而实现快速、精确的表征,为成像和光学校正等实时应用提供支持。

ABSTRACT

Measurement of the optical transmission matrix (TM) of an opaque material is an advanced form of space-variant aberration correction. Beyond imaging, TM-based methods are emerging in a range of fields including optical communications, optical micro-manipulation, and optical computing. In many cases the TM is very sensitive to perturbations in the configuration of the scattering medium it represents. Therefore applications often require an up-to-the-minute characterisation of the fragile TM, typically entailing hundreds to thousands of probe measurements. In this work we explore how these measurement requirements can be relaxed using the framework of compressive sensing: incorporation of prior information enables accurate estimation from fewer measurements than the dimensionality of the TM we aim to reconstruct. Examples of such priors include knowledge of a memory effect linking input and output fields, an approximate model of the optical system, or a recent but degraded TM measurement. We demonstrate this concept by reconstructing a full-size TM of a multimode fibre supporting 754 modes at compression ratios down to ~5% with good fidelity. The level of compression achievable is dependent upon the strength of our priors. We show in this case that imaging is still possible using TMs reconstructed at compression ratios down to ~1% (8 probe measurements). This compressive TM sampling strategy is quite general and may be applied to any form of scattering system about which we have some prior knowledge, including diffusers, thin layers of tissue, fibre optics of any known refractive profile, and reflections from opaque walls. These approaches offer a route to measurement of high-dimensional TMs quickly or with access to limited numbers of measurements.

研究动机与目标

  • 减少表征多模光纤(MMF)光学传输矩阵(TM)所需的探测测量数,传统方法通常需要数百至数千次测量。
  • 证明利用先验知识(如记忆效应、系统建模或近期退化的TM)可显著降低测量次数,实现准确的TM重建。
  • 验证压缩感知在高维、敏感且随时间退化的传输矩阵(TM)散射系统中的可行性。
  • 为光学通信、透过散射介质成像及波前整形等应用,实现更快、更高效的TM校准。
  • 将压缩感知原理扩展至TM估计,将其建模为具有先验结构知识的高维约束相位恢复问题。

提出的方法

  • 该方法通过在重建过程中引入先验知识(如记忆效应、近似光学模型或先验退化TM)来应用压缩感知。
  • 采用邻近梯度算法(FISTA)求解优化问题,最小化包含数据保真项与促进稀疏性的正则化项的代价函数。
  • 在TM呈现稀疏性的基(如PIM基)中进行TM重建,利用已知的稀疏性模式以减少所需测量数。
  • 通过手动优化系统对准,并利用从欠采样TM数据中提取的粗略失准估计进行数字校正。
  • 重建过程同时利用欠采样测量的振幅与相位,形成由TM关联的高维线性系统。
  • 测试了如Tikhonov正则化等替代性更快方法,以权衡速度与保真度之间的关系。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1压缩感知能否将重建多模光纤光学传输矩阵(TM)所需的探测测量数减少至低于TM维度?
  • RQ2先验知识的强度(如记忆效应或先验TM)如何影响可实现的压缩比与重建保真度?
  • RQ3即使在极低压缩比下,压缩采样得到的TM是否仍能支持高保真度成像与波前整形?
  • RQ4在实验装置存在失准的情况下,能否通过欠采样TM数据中的信息实现有效校正?
  • RQ5在测量资源有限或信噪比较低的实际场景中,压缩TM重建是否可行且有效?

主要发现

  • 成功重建了支持754个模式的多模光纤(MMF)的光学传输矩阵(TM),压缩比低至约5%,且保持高保真度。
  • 即使在压缩比约1%(仅8次探测测量)下,仍可实现成像,证明了极高的测量效率。
  • 当在压缩感知框架中引入先验知识(如记忆效应或近期退化的TM)时,重建保真度显著提升。
  • 基于FISTA的重建耗时约45秒,但更快的替代方法(如Tikhonov正则化)可将时间缩短至4秒以内,且保真度损失可接受。
  • 从欠采样TM数据中提取了粗略失准估计,并用于数字校正系统,提升了PIM基估计的准确性。
  • 该方法可推广至其他散射系统(如扩散体、组织层及反射表面),前提是系统结构或行为的先验知识可用。

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