[论文解读] Computational framework for monolithic coupling for thin fluid flow in contact interfaces
本文提出了一种用于模拟接触固体之间狭窄流体填充界面中薄不可压缩粘性流动的单体有限元框架,整合了流固耦合、接触约束以及在非线性可压缩性下的局部‘池’中流体滞留效应。该方法实现了与网格无关的实时接触面积计算,并实现了双向耦合,展示了在载荷增加时滞留流体对界面压力和流动模式的关键影响。
We developed a computational framework for simulating thin fluid flow in narrow interfaces between contacting solids, which is relevant for a range of engineering, biological and geophysical applications. The treatment of this problem requires coupling between fluid and solid mechanics equations, further complicated by contact constraints and potentially complex geometrical features of contacting surfaces. We developed a monolithic finite-element framework for handling mechanical contact, thin incompressible viscous flow and fluid-induced tractions on the surface of the solid, suitable for both one- and two-way coupling approaches. Additionally, we consider the possibility of fluid entrapment in "pools" delimited by contact patches and its pressurisation following a non-linear compressibility constitutive law. Furthermore, image analysis algorithms were adapted to identify the local status of each interface element within the Newton-Raphson loop. First, an application of the proposed framework for a problem with a model geometry is given, and the robustness is demonstrated by the residual-wise and status-wise convergence. The full capability of the developed two-way coupling framework is demonstrated on a problem of a fluid flow in contact interface between a solid with representative rough surface and a rigid flat. The evolution of the contact pressure, fluid flow pattern and the morphology of trapped fluid zones until the complete sealing of the interface is displayed. Additionally, we demonstrated an almost mesh-independent result of a refined post-processing approach to the real contact-area computation. The developed framework permits not only to study the evolution of effective properties of contact interfaces, but also to highlight the difference between one- and two-way coupling approaches and to quantify the effect of multiple trapped fluid "pools" on the coupled problem.
研究动机与目标
- 开发一种计算框架,用于模拟接触固体之间狭窄界面中的薄流体流动,相关于密封、润滑及生物系统。
- 在真实的几何与本构条件下,处理固体变形、薄流体流动与接触力学之间的复杂耦合。
- 将局部‘池’中的流体滞留纳入模型,并通过非线性可压缩性定律模拟其增压。
- 在单体有限元公式中实现单向与双向流固耦合(FSI)。
- 通过改进的后处理方法实现与网格无关的实时接触面积计算。
提出的方法
- 开发了一种单体有限元公式,可在同一网格上同时求解固体力学、薄不可压缩粘性流动(通过类似雷诺方程的近似)以及接触约束。
- 框架采用基于Nitsche的方法实现接触约束,具备一致的切线矩阵与一致的残差贡献。
- 通过在润滑表面采用降阶公式建模流体流动,利用雷诺方程的弱形式求解压力。
- 在牛顿-拉夫森迭代循环中集成图像分析算法,动态将每个界面单元分类为接触区、流体流动区或滞留流体区。
- 对由接触斑块界定的‘池’中滞留的流体应用非线性可压缩性定律,以模拟其增压。
- 通过改进的后处理技术计算实时接触面积,显著降低对网格的依赖性,提升界面特性估算的准确性。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1如何通过单体有限元框架稳健地耦合狭窄界面中复杂几何下的薄流体流动、固体变形与接触力学?
- RQ2在外部载荷增加时,局部‘池’中流体滞留对整体压力分布与密封行为有何影响?
- RQ3单向与双向流固耦合方法在预测接触界面中界面压力与流动模式方面有何差异?
- RQ4通过后处理方法,实时接触面积在多大程度上可实现可靠且与网格分辨率无关的计算?
- RQ5随着外部载荷增加,该框架如何处理从混合润滑到完全密封的过渡过程?
主要发现
- 框架实现了残差与状态的收敛,证明了其在处理接触、流体流动与流体诱导牵引力之间非线性耦合方面的鲁棒性。
- 在外部载荷增加时,模型显示出界面的完全密封,滞留在‘池’中的流体因非线性可压缩性而经历显著增压。
- 双向耦合框架表明,流体压力显著改变了接触压力分布与流动模式,凸显了流体对固体变形反馈的重要性。
- 通过改进的后处理方法计算的实时接触面积对网格细化表现出极小的依赖性,表明其具有高度的准确性和可靠性。
- 该框架成功捕捉了密封过程中有效界面特性(如渗透率与实时接触面积)的演化过程。
- 单向与双向耦合的对比表明,忽略流体诱导的固体变形会导致接触压力被低估,并错误预测流体滞留动力学。
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