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[论文解读] Controlling DNA Tug-of-War in a Dual Nanopore Device

Xu Liu, Yuning Zhang|arXiv (Cornell University)|Nov 27, 2018
Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies参考文献 4被引用 4
一句话总结

本文提出了一种双纳米孔装置,通过主动的、相互对抗的电压控制,实现‘拔河’状态,使DNA穿膜速度降低多达两个数量级,同时抑制折叠。通过平衡电泳力,该方法实现了DNA在纳米孔之间的长时间、扩散控制滑动,延长了穿膜时间,从而实现对单个分子上标记特征的高保真度、顺序传感。

ABSTRACT

Methods for reducing and directly controlling the speed of DNA through a nanopore are needed to enhance sensing performance for direct strand sequencing and detection/mapping of sequence-specific features. We have created a method for reducing and controlling the speed of DNA that uses two independently controllable nanopores operated with an active control logic. The pores are positioned sufficiently close to permit co-capture of a single DNA by both pores. Once co-capture occurs, control logic turns on constant competing voltages at the pores leading to a `tug-of-war' whereby the molecule is pulled from both ends by opposing forces. These forces exert both conformational and speed control over the co-captured molecule, removing folds and reducing the translocation rate. When the voltages are tuned so that the electrophoretic force applied to both ends of the molecule comes into balance, the life-time of the tug-of-war state is limited purely by diffusive sliding of the DNA between the pores. We are able to produce a tug-of-war state on 76.8% of molecules that are captured with a maximum two-order of magnitude increase in average pore translocation time relative to the average time for single-pore translocation. Moreover, we quantify the translocation slow-down as a function of voltage tuning and show that the slow-down is well described by a first passage analysis for a one-dimensional sub-diffusive process. The ionic current of each nanopore provides an independent sensor that synchronously measures a different region of the same molecule, enabling sequential detection of physical labels, such as mono-streptavidin tags. With advances in devices and control logic, future dual-pore applications include genome mapping and enzyme-free sequencing.

研究动机与目标

  • 为解决固态纳米孔中DNA穿膜速度过快这一关键挑战,该挑战限制了传感分辨率和信噪比。
  • 开发一种利用两个独立控制的纳米孔,对DNA穿膜速度和构象实现实时主动控制的方法。
  • 通过施加相反的力,使DNA分子在两个孔之间拉紧,从而抑制穿膜过程中的折叠。
  • 通过同步监测两个孔的离子电流,实现对单个DNA分子上物理标记(例如链霉亲和素)的高保真度、顺序检测。
  • 证明穿膜速度的降低可通过亚扩散过程的一维首次通过理论进行定量建模。

提出的方法

  • 采用晶圆级工艺在单个绝缘膜上制造两个纳米孔,实现独立的电压控制和离子电流传感。
  • 基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的控制逻辑检测第一个孔的初始捕获,并触发第二个孔的电压反转,以启动拔河状态。
  • 相反的电压产生接近零的净力,使DNA在孔之间发生扩散性滑动,穿膜速度通过电压调节进行控制。
  • 对于最初被一个孔捕获的分子,共捕获效率为76.8%,通过平衡电泳力维持拔河状态。
  • 利用两个孔的离子电流信号检测亚事件,例如单链霉亲和素标签,通过识别低于平均开孔电流减去5σ的电流阻断来实现。
  • 穿膜动力学采用亚扩散运动的一维首次通过理论进行建模,解释了在拔河状态下观察到的类似共振的峰值寿命。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在双纳米孔系统中,通过相反电压的主动控制是否能显著减缓DNA穿膜速度,同时抑制折叠?
  • RQ2何种电压调节可实现最长寿命的拔河状态,且该状态是否与扩散滑动一致?
  • RQ3能否利用两个孔的离子电流同步检测单个DNA分子上的序列特异性标记?
  • RQ4亚扩散过程的一维首次通过理论对拔河状态下观察到的穿膜动力学描述得如何?
  • RQ5双纳米孔系统中,共捕获和持续拔河状态形成的效率如何?

主要发现

  • 与单孔穿膜相比,双纳米孔系统实现了平均穿膜时间最多两个数量级的提升。
  • 对于最初被一个孔捕获的分子,共捕获和持续拔河状态的形成效率为76.8%。
  • 当相反作用力平衡时,拔河状态的峰值寿命出现,表明该状态完全由扩散滑动主导。
  • 穿膜速度的降低可由亚扩散过程的一维首次通过理论定量描述,验证了理论模型的有效性。
  • 两个孔的离子电流信号可实现对物理标记(如单链霉亲和素)的顺序检测,其信号被识别为低于平均电流减去5σ的阻断。
  • 该方法通过防止DNA折叠,实现构象控制,并确保穿膜过程中DNA处于线性、伸展状态,从而提升传感性能。

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