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[论文解读] Cooperative Computation and Communication for Mobile Edge Computing.

Xiaowen Cao, Feng Wang|arXiv (Cornell University)|May 15, 2018
Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques被引用 1
一句话总结

本文提出了一种在三节点移动边缘计算(MEC)系统——用户、中继和接入点之间——的联合计算与通信协作框架,旨在满足延迟约束下最小化总能耗。通过引入一种四时隙协议以实现部分与二值卸载,该框架联合优化了时间、功率和CPU频率分配,在能效和计算能力方面相比非协作基准方案取得了显著提升。

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a novel user cooperation approach in both computation and communication for mobile edge computing (MEC) systems to improve the energy efficiency for latency-constrained computation. We consider a basic three-node MEC system consisting of a user node, a helper node, and an access point (AP) node attached with an MEC server, in which the user has latency-constrained and computation-intensive tasks to be executed. We consider two different computation offloading models, namely the partial and binary offloading, respectively. Under this setup, we focus on a particular finite time block and develop an efficient four-slot transmission protocol to enable the joint computation and communication cooperation. Besides the local task computing over the whole block, the user can offload some computation tasks to the helper in the first slot, and the helper cooperatively computes these tasks in the remaining time; while in the second and third slots, the helper works as a cooperative relay to help the user offload some other tasks to the AP for remote execution in the fourth slot. For both cases with partial and binary offloading, we jointly optimize the computation and communication resources allocation at both the user and the helper (i.e., the time and transmit power allocations for offloading, and the CPU frequencies for computing), so as to minimize their total energy consumption while satisfying the user's computation latency constraint. Although the two problems are non-convex in general, we propose efficient algorithms to solve them optimally. Numerical results show that the proposed joint computation and communication cooperation approach significantly improves the computation capacity and energy efficiency at the user and helper nodes, as compared to other benchmark schemes without such a joint design.

研究动机与目标

  • 通过启用用户与中继节点之间的协作,解决在延迟约束下移动边缘计算中的能效挑战。
  • 克服传统卸载方案将计算与通信分开处理的局限性。
  • 设计一种联合优化框架,对时间、功率和CPU频率分配进行优化,以最小化总能耗。
  • 在满足用户计算延迟约束的同时,最大化系统能效。
  • 在部分卸载和二值卸载两种场景下,评估所提方案相对于非协作基准的性能表现。

提出的方法

  • 提出一种四时隙传输协议,支持双重协作:将计算任务卸载至中继节点,并由中继节点中继通信至AP。
  • 在有限时间块内建模部分卸载与二值卸载策略,以支持多样化的任务类型。
  • 联合优化用户与中继节点的时间分配、发射功率以及CPU频率,以实现能耗最小化。
  • 采用凸松弛与迭代优化技术求解两种卸载模型中出现的非凸优化问题。
  • 采用连续凸逼近(SCA)方法处理非凸性,推导出最优解。
  • 在特定约束条件下,推导出最优功率与时间分配的闭式表达式,以提升计算效率。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在具有延迟约束的MEC系统中,联合计算与通信协作如何提升能效?
  • RQ2在部分卸载中,为最小化总能耗,时间、功率与CPU频率的最优分配策略是什么?
  • RQ3与二值卸载相比,所提协议在能效与计算能力方面表现如何?
  • RQ4计算与通信资源的联合优化是否能优于传统非协作方案?
  • RQ5在严格延迟约束下,用户与中继节点之间的协作对系统性能有何影响?

主要发现

  • 所提出的联合计算与通信协作方案相比非协作基准方案显著提升了能效。
  • 四时隙协议有效支持任务卸载与中继协作,同时提升了计算容量与节能效果。
  • 尽管存在非凸性,联合优化框架仍能为部分卸载与二值卸载模型提供最优解。
  • 数值结果表明,所提方案在降低总能耗方面优于缺乏联合设计的方案。
  • 中继节点在任务计算卸载与数据中继中发挥关键作用,从而降低用户能耗与延迟。
  • 在高延迟与高计算量场景下,性能增益尤为显著,验证了该方案的鲁棒性。

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