Skip to main content
QUICK REVIEW

[论文解读] Cosmology with Very-High-Energy Gamma Rays

E. Pueschel, J. Biteau|arXiv (Cornell University)|Dec 11, 2021
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena被引用 4
一句话总结

本文综述了甚高能(VHE)伽马射线天文学在探测宇宙学现象中的作用,包括河外背景光(EBL)、星际磁场以及潜在的洛伦兹不变性破坏。通过分析VHE伽马射线的吸收与传播,该研究限制了EBL的演化、磁场强度与相干长度,并对超出普朗克尺度的新物理设定了严格限制,未来CTA望远镜预计将显著提升这些测量的精度。

ABSTRACT

In this chapter, we discuss the contributions of gamma-ray astronomy at TeV energies to our understanding of the visible content and structure of the universe. We start from the present epoch with the second most intense electromagnetic background field after the CMB: the extragalactic background light (EBL). The EBL is composed of all the light emitted by stars and galaxies since the beginning of reionization, including light absorbed and re-emitted by dust. As such, the EBL traces the history of radiating matter in the universe. We then further dive into the large voids of the universe to study the large-scale magnetic fields that should permeate them. These fields could originate from the onset of structure formation or early phase transitions, bringing us back to the infancy of the universe. We conclude by looking back to the elusive Planck time scale, where the standard models of cosmology and particle physics are no longer applicable. Observations with current-generation gamma-ray astronomy experiments have now started to scratch the surface of cosmology, as we will show in this chapter.

研究动机与目标

  • 评估VHE伽马射线观测对理解河外背景光(EBL)及其在宇宙时空中演化的影响的贡献。
  • 评估基于VHE伽马射线传播与源谱推导出的星际磁场(IGMF)的约束。
  • 研究通过VHE伽马射线信号中能量依赖的时间延迟探测洛伦兹不变性破坏(LIV)的潜力。
  • 考察EBL与IGMF约束对其他天体物理现象(如弥漫超新星中微子背景和超高能宇宙射线传播)的影响。
  • 预测切伦科夫望远镜阵列(CTA)在显著改善当前EBL、IGMF及新物理约束方面的潜力。

提出的方法

  • 使用经验性、现象学及半解析方法建模EBL谱,输入来自深空紫外-红外观测(如哈勃、斯皮兹曼、赫歇尔)的数据。
  • 基于对产生截面与EBL强度的伽马射线光学深度计算,推断EBL演化与源红移。
  • 应用对产生过程的积分截面与EBL谱,计算1 TeV伽马射线在红移与距离函数关系下的光学深度τ。
  • 采用具有能量依赖修正的色散关系模型,通过时间延迟与阈值能量约束测试洛伦兹不变性破坏(LIV)。
  • 评估伽马射线与宇宙微波背景光子相互作用产生的电子-正电子对的逆康普顿散射,以估算二次伽马射线发射。
  • 利用CTA灵敏度预测,推算未来EBL与IGMF测量在角分辨率、能量分辨率与通量分辨率方面的改进。
Figure 7.1: Spectrum of the EBL at $z=0$ , following the empirical model of Domínguez et al. ( 2011 ) , the phenomenological model of Finke et al. ( 2010 ) and the semi-analytical model of Gilmore et al. ( 2012 ) . The spectrum of the CMB, peaking around 1000 nW m -2 sr -1 , is shown as a dashed are
Figure 7.1: Spectrum of the EBL at $z=0$ , following the empirical model of Domínguez et al. ( 2011 ) , the phenomenological model of Finke et al. ( 2010 ) and the semi-analytical model of Gilmore et al. ( 2012 ) . The spectrum of the CMB, peaking around 1000 nW m -2 sr -1 , is shown as a dashed are

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1VHE伽马射线观测对通过河外背景光(EBL)约束宇宙恒星形成历史的贡献是什么?
  • RQ2VHE伽马射线观测如何限制星际磁场(IGMF)的强度与相干长度?
  • RQ3利用VHE伽马射线的时间延迟与阈值效应,可以对洛伦兹不变性破坏(LIV)施加哪些限制?
  • RQ4EBL与IGMF约束如何影响对弥漫超新星中微子背景与超高能宇宙射线传播的解释?
  • RQ5切伦科夫望远镜阵列(CTA)在多大程度上将改善当前对EBL、IGMF及超出普朗克尺度新物理的约束?

主要发现

  • 在z=0时,EBL的总辐射强度约为30 nW m⁻² sr⁻¹,涵盖宇宙光学背景(COB)与宇宙红外背景(CIB),其总能量预算占宇宙微波背景(CMB)的6–7%。
  • 对于1 TeV的伽马射线,其光学深度在z ≈ 0.1时约为τ ≈ 0.1,与该能量下宇宙伽马射线视界位于z ~ 0.1处的结论一致。
  • EBL谱在近红外波段达到峰值,1 TeV伽马射线最可能的相互作用能量约为1 eV,对应于COB峰值。
  • 总对产生截面在x ≈ 2.7处达到最大值,其中x = Eγ × εEBL,表明1 TeV伽马射线最有效地与能量约为1 eV的EBL光子发生相互作用。
  • 对产生截面的最大值出现在x ≈ 2.7处,而与10 TeV伽马射线最可能发生相互作用的EBL光子波长约为0.46 μm(可见光)。
  • 在汤姆孙散射区假设下,电子-正电子对的逆康普顿散射可产生能量高达约1.3 TeV的二次伽马射线,对应于20 TeV的初级光子。
Figure 7.2: Attenuation factor, in percent, as a function of gamma-ray energy on Earth for sources located at $z=0.03$ , $z=0.1$ , and $z=1.0$ , following the empirical model of Domínguez et al. ( 2011 ) , the phenomenological model of Finke et al. ( 2010 ) , and the semi-analytical model of Gilmore
Figure 7.2: Attenuation factor, in percent, as a function of gamma-ray energy on Earth for sources located at $z=0.03$ , $z=0.1$ , and $z=1.0$ , following the empirical model of Domínguez et al. ( 2011 ) , the phenomenological model of Finke et al. ( 2010 ) , and the semi-analytical model of Gilmore

更好的研究,从现在开始

从阅读论文到最终审阅,大幅缩短您的研究时间。

无需绑定信用卡

本解读由 AI 生成,并经人工编辑审核。