[论文解读] COVID-19 Related Mobility Reduction: Heterogenous Effects on Sleep and Physical Activity Rhythms

Ju Lynn Ong, T.Y. Lau+8 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 3, 2020

Sleep and related disordersPsychology参考文献 15被引用 18

一句话总结

本研究分析了在新冠疫情期间出行限制期间，1,824名在职成年人的可穿戴设备数据，揭示了对睡眠和体力活动节律的异质性影响。尽管体力活动平均下降38%，但工作日的睡眠时间增加了24分钟，睡眠效率和静息心率得到改善；而年轻、单身、活动较少的子群体受影响最大，凸显了人们对封锁措施存在不同的行为反应。

ABSTRACT

Mobility restrictions imposed to suppress coronavirus transmission can alter physical activity (PA) and sleep patterns. Characterization of response heterogeneity and their underlying reasons may assist in tailoring customized interventions. We obtained wearable data covering baseline, incremental movement restriction and lockdown periods from 1824 city-dwelling, working adults aged 21 to 40 years, incorporating 206,381 nights of sleep and 334,038 days of PA. Four distinct rest activity rhythms (RARs) were identified using k-means clustering of participants' temporally distributed step counts. Hierarchical clustering of the proportion of time spent in each of these RAR revealed 4 groups who expressed different mixtures of RAR profiles before and during the lockdown. Substantial but asymmetric delays in bedtime and waketime resulted in a 24 min increase in weekday sleep duration with no loss in sleep efficiency. Resting heart rate declined 2 bpm. PA dropped an average of 38%. 4 groups with different compositions of RAR profiles were found. Three were better able to maintain PA and weekday/weekend differentiation during lockdown. The least active group comprising 51 percent of the sample, were younger and predominantly singles. Habitually less active already, this group showed the greatest reduction in PA during lockdown with little weekday/weekend differences. Among different mobility restrictions, removal of habitual social cues by lockdown had the largest effect on PA and sleep. Sleep and resting heart rate unexpectedly improved. RAR evaluation uncovered heterogeneity of responses to lockdown and can identify characteristics of persons at risk of decline in health and wellbeing.

研究动机与目标

• 了解新冠疫情期间出行限制对在职成年人睡眠和体力活动节律的影响。
• 通过休息-活动节律（RAR）聚类，识别对封锁措施有不同行为反应的子群体。
• 探讨社会线索和出行减少在塑造睡眠和体力活动模式变化中的作用。
• 揭示在疫情相关限制期间，健康相关行为恶化的易感性预测因素。

提出的方法

• 对时间分布的步数应用K均值聚类，以识别参与者中四种不同的休息-活动节律（RAR）特征。
• 使用层次聚类，根据个体在封锁前和封锁期间的RAR特征混合情况对人群进行分组。
• 收集了覆盖基线期、逐步出行限制期和全面封锁期的可穿戴设备数据，涵盖206,381晚的睡眠和334,038天的体力活动。
• 量化并比较了不同时间段和子群体之间的睡眠持续时间、睡眠效率、静息心率及体力活动水平。
• 通过统计分析评估睡眠和活动模式的变化，重点关注工作日与周末的差异以及子群体的异质性。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 新冠疫情期间的出行限制如何影响在职成年人的睡眠持续时间与睡眠效率？
• RQ2 在封锁期间，城市在职成年人中观察到哪些不同的休息-活动节律（RAR）特征？
• RQ3 体力活动水平在不同子群体中如何变化，哪些因素预测了更大的下降？
• RQ4 封锁期间习惯性社会线索的消失在多大程度上影响了睡眠和活动模式？
• RQ5 哪些人口统计学和行为特征可预测在出行限制期间睡眠和体力活动的更差结果？

主要发现

• 封锁期间工作日的睡眠持续时间增加了24分钟，睡眠效率未下降，表明睡眠结构得到改善。
• 静息心率下降了2次/分钟，表明封锁期间自主神经调节有所改善。
• 体力活动水平在队列中平均下降38%，其中51%的参与者属于年轻且以单身为主的子群体，其下降最为显著。
• 在识别出的四类RAR中，三类群体在工作日与周末的体力活动模式区分度保持较好，而最不活跃的群体则区分度最小，且下降幅度最大。
• 与其它出行限制水平相比，封锁期间习惯性社会线索的消失对体力活动和睡眠模式的影响最大。
• 通过RAR评估揭示了异质性反应，识别出一个因体力活动减少和节律紊乱而面临健康与福祉恶化的脆弱子群体。