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[论文解读] Current State of Community-Driven Radiological AI Deployment in Medical Imaging

Vikas Gupta, Barbaros S. Erdal|arXiv (Cornell University)|Dec 29, 2022
Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging被引用 4
一句话总结

本文提出了MONAI Consortium的开源框架,旨在弥合放射学人工智能研究与临床部署之间的差距,通过标准化工具、API 和社区驱动的开发,实现人工智能模型在医院工作流程中的无缝集成。该框架提出了人工智能应用场景的分类体系,识别了关键的部署障碍,并展示了减少放射科医生工作负荷、提升效率的现实世界应用,实现了互操作性、临床可行的人工智能系统。

ABSTRACT

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become commonplace to solve routine everyday tasks. Because of the exponential growth in medical imaging data volume and complexity, the workload on radiologists is steadily increasing. We project that the gap between the number of imaging exams and the number of expert radiologist readers required to cover this increase will continue to expand, consequently introducing a demand for AI-based tools that improve the efficiency with which radiologists can comfortably interpret these exams. AI has been shown to improve efficiency in medical-image generation, processing, and interpretation, and a variety of such AI models have been developed across research labs worldwide. However, very few of these, if any, find their way into routine clinical use, a discrepancy that reflects the divide between AI research and successful AI translation. To address the barrier to clinical deployment, we have formed MONAI Consortium, an open-source community which is building standards for AI deployment in healthcare institutions, and developing tools and infrastructure to facilitate their implementation. This report represents several years of weekly discussions and hands-on problem solving experience by groups of industry experts and clinicians in the MONAI Consortium. We identify barriers between AI-model development in research labs and subsequent clinical deployment and propose solutions. Our report provides guidance on processes which take an imaging AI model from development to clinical implementation in a healthcare institution. We discuss various AI integration points in a clinical Radiology workflow. We also present a taxonomy of Radiology AI use-cases. Through this report, we intend to educate the stakeholders in healthcare and AI (AI researchers, radiologists, imaging informaticists, and regulators) about cross-disciplinary challenges and possible solutions.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决人工智能模型在研究实验室中开发与在放射学中实际临床部署之间的关键差距。
  • 降低将人工智能集成到现有医院影像工作流程和IT基础设施中的技术和运营障碍。
  • 建立开放标准和社区驱动的工具,实现在不同医疗保健机构中可互操作、可扩展且可复现的人工智能部署。
  • 为临床放射学环境中的人工智能模型标注、训练、部署和评估提供实用的端到端框架。
  • 通过开源、低门槛的解决方案,支持规模较小和资源匮乏的医疗机构,实现医学影像中人工智能的普惠化。

提出的方法

  • MONAI Consortium作为非营利性、社区驱动的倡议,旨在通过开源工具和共享最佳实践,标准化放射学中人工智能的部署。
  • 该框架支持从数据标注、模型训练到部署和监控的端到端人工智能工作流程,采用DICOM、IHE和HL7等互操作性标准。
  • MONAI Deploy通过容器化、模块化和可移植的应用程序,实现人工智能模型在临床环境中的部署,兼容PACS、RIS和EMR系统。
  • 该联盟开发了模型库以共享预训练模型,并制定了放射学人工智能应用场景的分类体系,以指导各类临床场景的实施。
  • 与IHE事件日志(SOLE)标准的集成,使人工智能对放射科医生工作流程效率和决策支持的影响得以客观测量。
  • 通过与厂商合作并参与IHE Connectathon和RSNA等活动,验证了该框架在现实场景中的可行性与互操作性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在临床环境中部署放射学人工智能模型的主要技术和运营障碍是什么?
  • RQ2开源、社区驱动的框架如何促进人工智能研究向临床实践的转化?
  • RQ3哪些标准和架构模式能够实现人工智能与现有放射学IT生态系统的无缝集成?
  • RQ4如何衡量人工智能部署的临床影响,特别是对放射科医生工作流程效率和决策支持的影响?
  • RQ5共享工具、API 和模型仓库在加速多样化医疗保健机构中人工智能采用方面发挥什么作用?

主要发现

  • MONAI框架通过开源、互操作的工具,实现了放射学中端到端的人工智能部署,且开销极小,支持标注、训练和临床集成。
  • 多个机构的现实世界部署表明,人工智能模型可成功集成到临床工作流程中,并对放射科医生的效率产生可衡量的影响。
  • 通过IHE SOLE实现的标准化日志记录,使人工智能性能和工作流程影响的客观评估成为可能,支持循证评价。
  • MONAI模型库和社区驱动的开发模式,显著加速了机构间人工智能模型的共享与复用,减少了重复工作并提高了可复现性。
  • 与厂商的合作以及参与IHE活动,验证了该框架在真实场景中具备互操作性和临床可行性。
  • 该联盟开放、社区驱动的模式,促进了人工智能在放射学中的广泛采用,尤其惠及资源匮乏和规模较小的医疗机构。

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