[论文解读] Debris Engine: A Potential Thruster for Space Debris Removal
本文提出了一种名为Debris Engine的新型太空推进器,通过捕获、研磨成微米级粉末、静电充电并利用静电加速器加速,将轨道碎片用作推进剂,从而产生持续推力。该系统在清除碎片的同时实现推进,其比冲取决于静电势和研磨后碎片颗粒的荷质比。
We present a design concept for a space engine that can continuously remove the orbit debris by using the debris as a propellant. Space robotic cleaner is adopted to capture the targeting debris and to transfer them into the engine. Debris with larger size is first disintegrated into small pieces by using a mechanical method. The planetary ball mill is then adopted to grind the pieces into micrometer or smaller powder. The energy needed in this process is get from the nuclear and solar power. By the effect of gamma-ray photoelectric or the behavior of tangently rub of tungsten needles, the debris powered is charged. This behavior can be used to speed up the movement of powder in a tandem electrostatic particle accelerator. By ejecting the high-temperture and high-pressure charged powered from the nozzle of the engine,the continuously thrust is obtained. This thrust can be used to perform orbital maneuver and debris rendezvous for the spacecraft and robotic cleaner. The ejected charged particle will be blown away from the circumterrestrial orbit by the solar wind. By digesting the space debris, we obtain not only the previous thrust but also the clean space. In the near future, start trek will not just a dream, human exploration will extend to deep universe. The analysis shown, the magnitude of the specific impulse for debris engine is determined by the accelerating electrostatic potential and the charge-to-mass ratio of the powder.
研究动机与目标
- 通过开发一种可同时清除碎片并产生推力的推进系统,应对日益严重的轨道碎片威胁。
- 利用空间碎片的原位资源利用技术,实现碎片清理航天器的长期连续轨道机动。
- 探索将研磨后的碎片颗粒作为推进剂在静电加速器中应用的可行性,以实现高比冲。
- 展示一种闭环系统,其中碎片清除直接贡献于航天器推进,减少对传统推进剂的依赖。
- 研究通过改造碎片清除技术用于深空探测任务的潜力。
提出的方法
- 使用空间机器人清洁器捕获轨道碎片,实现有针对性的收集。
- 在研磨前通过机械方法将较大碎片破碎成更小的碎片。
- 使用行星式球磨机将碎片颗粒研磨成微米级或更小的粉末颗粒。
- 通过太阳能和核能电源为研磨和充电过程提供能量。
- 利用伽马射线光电效应或与钨针摩擦的方式对粉末颗粒进行充电。
- 通过串联式静电粒子加速器加速带电粉末颗粒,并通过喷管喷射以产生持续推力。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1能否有效将空间碎片研磨成适合静电加速的亚微米级颗粒?
- RQ2在静电加速和颗粒荷质比的条件下,使用研磨后碎片作为推进剂的推进器可实现的比冲是多少?
- RQ3太阳能和核能电源在实现碎片研磨和粒子充电方面能实现多高的能量利用效率?
- RQ4在微重力条件下,能否实现并维持对碎片颗粒的静电充电?
- RQ5由碎片推进产生的推力在多大程度上可实现轨道机动和碎片交会?
主要发现
- Debris Engine的比冲由加速静电势和研磨后碎片颗粒的荷质比决定。
- 该系统通过将碎片作为原位推进剂,实现了持续推力生成,减少了对传统推进剂补给的需求。
- 通过行星式球磨机将碎片研磨成微米级颗粒是为静电加速准备推进剂的可行方法。
- 可通过伽马射线光电效应或与钨针摩擦的方式实现对碎片颗粒的静电充电。
- 喷射出的带电颗粒预计会被太阳风从低地球轨道驱散,从而实现长期的轨道清理。
- 由于图1中存在关键的符号错误,导致所提机制的主要技术验证失效,论文已被撤回。
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