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[论文解读] Decentralized Ranking Aggregation: Gossip Algorithms for Borda and Copeland Consensus

Anna Van Elst, Kerrian Le Caillec|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 26, 2026
Game Theory and Voting Systems被引用 0
一句话总结

本文开发并分析基于流言的去中心化算法,以计算 Borda 与 Copeland 共识排序,并提供收敛性保障和鲁棒性考量。

ABSTRACT

The concept of ranking aggregation plays a central role in preference analysis, and numerous algorithms for calculating median rankings, often originating in social choice theory, have been documented in the literature, offering theoretical guarantees in a centralized setting, i.e., when all the ranking data to be aggregated can be brought together in a single computing unit. For many technologies (e.g. peer-to-peer networks, IoT, multi-agent systems), extending the ability to calculate consensus rankings with guarantees in a decentralized setting, i.e., when preference data is initially distributed across a communicating network, remains a major methodological challenge. Indeed, in recent years, the literature on decentralized computation has mainly focused on computing or optimizing statistics such as arithmetic means using gossip algorithms. The purpose of this article is precisely to study how to achieve reliable consensus on collective rankings using classical rules (e.g. Borda, Copeland) in a decentralized setting, thereby raising new questions, robustness to corrupted nodes, and scalability through reduced communication costs in particular. The approach proposed and analyzed here relies on random gossip communication, allowing autonomous agents to compute global ranking consensus using only local interactions, without coordination or central authority. We provide rigorous convergence guarantees, including explicit rate bounds, for the Borda and Copeland consensus methods. Beyond these rules, we also provide a decentralized implementation of consensus according to the median rank rule and local Kemenization. Extensive empirical evaluations on various network topologies and real and synthetic ranking datasets demonstrate that our algorithms converge quickly and reliably to the correct ranking aggregation.

研究动机与目标

  • 研究在数据分布在网络中、无中央服务器的情况下,如何实现去中心化的排序聚合共识。
  • 开发基于流言的算法,利用局部互动计算 Borda 与 Copeland 共识。
  • 为所提方法提供理论收敛性保障与速率界。
  • 评估对被污染节点的鲁棒性,并将去中心化方法与集中式基准进行比较。

提出的方法

  • 通过局部平均使用随机流言来估计每个项的分数(Borda 分数和配对的 Copeland 分量)。
  • 通过在局部排序估计分数来获得共识置换,从而将分数估计与最终排序解耦。
  • 证明对于 Borda 与 Copeland 聚合,收敛具有与网络谱隙相关的指数速率。
  • 扩展到去中心化的 Footrule(中位秩)和 Local Kemenization,作为额外的共识规则。
  • 在不同网络拓扑和排序数据集上提供实证验证,以展示收敛性和鲁棒性。
(a) MSE of Borda/Footrule scores
(a) MSE of Borda/Footrule scores

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1去中心化智能体是否可以仅通过局部通信达到正确的 Borda 或 Copeland 共识?
  • RQ2决定去中心化排序共识的收敛速率及因素(如网络连通性)是什么?
  • RQ3去中心化排序方法对被污染或对抗性输入有多鲁棒?
  • RQ4在不同的数据生成模型下,去中心化方法与集中基线在实际中的比较如何?
  • RQ5在去中心化中引入局部 Kemenization 或 Footrule 方法的影响是什么?

主要发现

  • 基于流言的平均化获得的共识估计以指数速率收敛到真实的 Borda 与 Copeland 排名,速率由网络的谱隙决定。
  • 在不同的分数间隙和严格随机性传递假设下,收敛性保障成立,给出明确的速率界。
  • 局部 Kemenization 与去中心化 Footrule 方法将框架扩展到以鲁棒性为重点的共识和基于中位数的共识。
  • 在网络拓扑结构和真实/合成数据集上的实证实验验证了快速且可靠地收敛到正确的排序。
  • 鲁棒性分析表明在污染情景下 Kemeny、Copeland 与 Mallows 相关场景的韧性存在差异。
  • 理论与实证结果共同支持在分布式系统中实现原则性、完全去中心化的集体决策。
(b) MSE of pairwise scores
(b) MSE of pairwise scores

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