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[论文解读] Deconfined quantum critical points: a review

T. Senthil|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 22, 2023
Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics被引用 10
一句话总结

本文综述超越-Landau 理论的相变,重点关注去耦合量子临界点,其中出现的分数化激发和规范场描述超越 Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson-Fisher paradigm 的临界性。

ABSTRACT

Continuous phase transitions in equilibrium statistical mechanics were successfully described 50 years ago with the development of the renormalization group framework. This framework was initially developed in the context of phase transitions whose universal properties are captured by the long wavelength (and long time) fluctuations of a Landau order parameter field. Subsequent developments include a straightforward generalization to a class of $T = 0$ phase transitions driven by quantum fluctuations. In the last 2 decades it has become clear that there is a vast landscape of quantum phase transitions where the physics is not always usefully (or sometimes cannot be) formulated in terms of fluctuations of a Landau order parameter field. A wide class of such phase transitions - dubbed deconfined quantum critical points - involve the emergence of fractionalized degrees of freedom coupled to emergent gauge fields. Here I review some salient aspects of these deconfined critical points.

研究动机与目标

  • 阐述并回顾在 T=0 下某些量子相变中 LGWF 理论为何失败。
  • 引入 deconfined quantum critical points 作为一个具有涌现分数化场与规场的框架。
  • 总结在允许或禁止的 Landau 相之间的跃迁呈现非 LGWF 临界性的关键示例。
  • 讨论拓扑缺陷和异常在约束 RG 流和临界行为中的作用。

提出的方法

  • 讨论 Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson-Fisher paradigm 及其向量子相变的推广。
  • 描述 NCCP1 model 作为 Neel-VBS 转变的有效理论,并分析 monopole irrelevance。
  • 解释 particle-vortex duality 及其与 XY 转变和 VBS 涡旋的相关性。
  • 纳入 Wess-Zumino-Witten terms 和拓扑缺陷,以解释秩序的量子交织。
  • 将晶格对称性、LSM 约束和 SPT 边界与非 LGWF 临界性联系起来。
Figure 1: Varieties of quantum critical points. (a) The only case where the traditional LGWF paradigm is usually applicable. (b) Unless the unbroken symmetry group of one phase is a subgroup of the unbroken symmetry of the other phase, the transition is Landau-forbidden (c) Non-Landau order, if pres
Figure 1: Varieties of quantum critical points. (a) The only case where the traditional LGWF paradigm is usually applicable. (b) Unless the unbroken symmetry group of one phase is a subgroup of the unbroken symmetry of the other phase, the transition is Landau-forbidden (c) Non-Landau order, if pres

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在什么条件下,Landau-allowed 相之间的相变在 LGWF 之外仍为二阶?
  • RQ2涌现的规场和分数化激发如何描述 T=0 时的去耦合量子临界点?
  • RQ3拓扑缺陷和单极子在确定 Neel-VBS 及相关转变性质中的作用是什么?
  • RQ4LSM 约束和 SPT 边界如何限制超越 LGWF 的可能临界理论?
  • RQ5某些对称性破缺相之间的转变能否呈现多重普适性类,或仍然超越 LGWF?

主要发现

  • 去耦合临界性发生在涌现的分数化自由度在临界性时与规场耦合之时。
  • 方格晶格上的 Neel-VBS 转变可以用 NCCP1 model 描述,且单极子算符在固定点处可能无关。
  • VBS 涡旋携带自旋量子数为 1/2,将拓扑缺陷与对称性破缺联系起来,并使得超越 LGWF 的描述成为可能。
  • 一个简单的带有 WZW 项的 O(5) 伪模型能捕捉 Neel 与 VBS 有序之间的纠缠性质及其非平凡的临界性。
  • 粒子-涡旋对偶性和单极子物理解释了为何某些 Landau 有序相之间存在直接的二阶转变,且超越 LGWF。
  • LGWF* 转变在某些极限下可能类似于标准的 LGWF 行为,但需要规场和拓扑项才能完整描述。
Figure 2: The Neel and VBS states of a square lattice spin- $1/2$ magnet.
Figure 2: The Neel and VBS states of a square lattice spin- $1/2$ magnet.

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