[论文解读] Deep neural networks can predict mortality from 12-lead electrocardiogram voltage data
一个深度神经网络通过12导联静息ECG的电压-时间曲线预测一年的全因死亡率,在医生标注为正常的ECG中也能达到较高的AUC。
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely-used medical test, typically consisting of 12 voltage versus time traces collected from surface recordings over the heart. Here we hypothesize that a deep neural network can predict an important future clinical event (one-year all-cause mortality) from ECG voltage-time traces. We show good performance for predicting one-year mortality with an average AUC of 0.85 from a model cross-validated on 1,775,926 12-lead resting ECGs, that were collected over a 34-year period in a large regional health system. Even within the large subset of ECGs interpreted as 'normal' by a physician (n=297,548), the model performance to predict one-year mortality remained high (AUC=0.84), and Cox Proportional Hazard model revealed a hazard ratio of 6.6 (p<0.005) for the two predicted groups (dead vs alive one year after ECG) over a 30-year follow-up period. A blinded survey of three cardiologists suggested that the patterns captured by the model were generally not visually apparent to cardiologists even after being shown 240 paired examples of labeled true positives (dead) and true negatives (alive). In summary, deep learning can add significant prognostic information to the interpretation of 12-lead resting ECGs, even in cases that are interpreted as 'normal' by physicians.
研究动机与目标
- 以ECG电压-时间曲线来预测未来死亡风险为动机。
- 评估深度学习模型是否能够从静息12导联ECG预测一年的全因死亡率。
- 在一个大规模、跨时段的真实世界数据集上评估模型性能。
- 探究即使在医生判断为正常的ECG中是否也存在预后信号。
提出的方法
- 在34年内收集的1,775,926份静息12导联ECG上训练一个深度神经网络。
- 用AUC评估一年的死亡预测性能。
- 在医生标注为正常的ECG子集上评估性能。
- 使用Cox比例风险分析将预测分组与长期死亡相关联(风险比)。
- 进行三位心脏病专家的盲评调查,以将模型识别的模式与人类解读进行比较。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1深度神经网络是否能从12导联静息ECG电压-时间曲线预测一年的死亡率?
- RQ2在医生判定为正常的ECG中,预测性能是否仍然存在?
- RQ3在随访中,模型预测的死亡率与长期结局之间的关联是什么(风险比)?
- RQ4模型学习到的模式对临床医生是否在视觉上可辨?
主要发现
- 在交叉验证数据上预测一年的死亡率的平均AUC为0.85。
- 在正常ECG子集(n=297,548)中,AUC仍然高达0.84。
- 在30年的随访中,Cox模型对一年内死 vs 生的风险比为6.6(p<0.005)。
- 在观测成对示例后,心脏病专家通常无法从视觉上看出模型模式。
- 即使标注为正常,深度学习也为静息12导联ECG解读提供了显著的预后信息。
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