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[论文解读] Demographic and Citation Trends in Astrophysical Journal papers and Preprints

Greg J. Schwarz, Robert C. Kennicutt|arXiv (Cornell University)|Nov 10, 2004
Academic Publishing and Open Access被引用 48
一句话总结

本研究利用ADS、AAS和arXiv/astro-ph的数据,分析了1999年和2002年发表于《天体物理学杂志》(ApJ)的论文在作者人口统计、预印本发布习惯及引用模式方面的特征。研究发现,与未发布预印本的论文相比,发布在astro-ph上的预印本论文被引用次数超过两倍,凸显了预印本可见性在提升引用影响力方面所起的关键作用,同时表明同行评审期刊在保障科学质量与可信度方面依然至关重要。

ABSTRACT

We have used data from ADS, AAS, and astro-ph, to study the publishing, preprint posting, and citation patterns for papers published in the ApJ in 1999 and 2002. This allowed us to track statistical trends in author demographics, preprint posting habits, and citation rates for ApJ papers as a whole and across various subgroups and types of ApJ papers. The most interesting results are the frequencies of use of the astro-ph server across various subdisciplines of astronomy, and the impact that such posting has on the citation history of the subsequent ApJ papers. By 2002 72% of ApJ papers were posted as astro-ph preprints, but this fraction varies from 22-95% among the subfields studied. A majority of these preprints (61%) were posted after the papers were accepted at ApJ, and 88% were posted or updated after acceptance. On average, ApJ papers posted on astro-ph are cited more than twice as often as those that are not posted on astro-ph. This difference can account for a number of other, secondary citation trends, including some of the differences in citation rates between journals and different subdisciplines. Preprints clearly have supplanted the journals as the primary means for initially becoming aware of papers, at least for a large fraction of the ApJ author community. Publication in a widely-recognized peer-reviewed journal remains as the primary determinant of the impact of a paper, however. For example, conference proceedings papers posted on astro-ph are also cited twice as frequently as those that are not posted, but overall such papers are still cited 20 times less often than the average ApJ paper. These results provide insights into how astronomical research is currently disseminated by authors and ingested by readers.

研究动机与目标

  • 调查ApJ作者在astro-ph电子预印本服务器上发布预印本的程度与模式。
  • 分析ApJ论文第一作者的人口统计趋势,包括性别与机构隶属关系。
  • 研究不同学科领域、论文类型及预印本发布状态下的引用频率差异。
  • 评估预印本可见性与期刊质量对引用率的相对影响。
  • 理解预印本服务器在天文学科学传播中作用的演变。

提出的方法

  • 从期刊电子档案中获取1999年和2002年ApJ第1部分共1,639篇论文的数据库。
  • 从美国天文学会(AAS)会员目录中收集作者人口统计数据,包括性别和机构所在地(美国与非美国)。
  • 从arXiv/astro-ph服务器提取预印本发布数据,包括相对于ApJ接受日期的发布时间及更新频率。
  • 按学科领域(如宇宙学、恒星、太阳系等)和论文类型(理论、观测、再分析、仪器等)对论文进行分类。
  • 从美国国家航空航天局天体物理数据系统(ADS)获取所有论文的引用次数,追踪随时间的引用情况。
  • 对预印本与非预印本论文的引用率进行统计分析,涵盖不同学科领域和作者类别。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1ApJ论文在astro-ph服务器上发布预印本的程度如何?这种发布行为在不同学科领域间有何差异?
  • RQ2论文通常在ApJ接受日期之后多久发布在astro-ph上?
  • RQ3预印本发布如何影响后续发表于ApJ的论文的引用频率?
  • RQ4预印本论文与非预印本论文的引用率是否存在显著差异?这些差异的成因是什么?
  • RQ5预印本可见性与期刊同行评审对论文长期引用影响力的影响相比,何者更为重要?

主要发现

  • 到2002年,72%的ApJ论文已在astro-ph服务器上发布为预印本,不同学科领域间差异显著,范围从22%到95%不等。
  • 61%的预印本在ApJ接受后发布,88%的预印本在接收后被发布或更新,表明预印本发布通常发生在同行评审流程之后。
  • 平均而言,发布在astro-ph上的ApJ论文被引用次数超过未发布论文的两倍,预印本论文的引用率大约翻倍。
  • 预印本论文的引用优势解释了诸多次级引用趋势,包括不同学科领域和期刊之间的差异。
  • 即使在会议论文集论文中,发布在astro-ph上的论文引用次数也比未发布的多一倍,但仍仅获得平均ApJ论文约5%的引用次数。
  • 尽管预印本具有高度可见性,同行评审期刊仍是科学可信度和长期引用影响力的主要决定因素,因为预印本需满足与已发表ApJ文章相同的编辑标准。

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