[论文解读] Designing for Interpersonal Museum Experiences

Anders Sundnes Løvlie, Lina Eklund+3 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Nov 23, 2020

Museums and Cultural Heritage参考文献 7被引用 10

一句话总结

本文提出将博物馆重新构想为促进人际互动的平台，通过设计参观者之间共同创作的叙事体验，借鉴欧盟资助的GIFT项目经验。研究展示了博物馆在促进共享叙事过程中参与程度的谱系——从最低限度的支持到主动策展——通过社交互动提升参观者参与度与博物馆的相关性。

ABSTRACT

What does the age of participation look like from the perspective of a museum visitor? Arguably, the concept of participative experiences is already so deeply ingrained in our culture that we may not even think about it as participation. Museum visitors engage in a number of activities, of which observing the exhibits is only one part. Since most visitors come to the museum together with someone else, they spend time and attention on the people they came with, and often the needs of the group are given priority over individual preferences. How can museums tap into these activities - and make themselves relevant to visitors? In this chapter we will try to approach this constructively, as a design opportunity. Could it be productive for the museum to consider itself not only as a disseminator of knowledge, but also as the facilitator of participative activities between visitors? In what follows, we will outline a range of practical design projects that serve as examples of this approach. These projects were part of the European Union funded Horizon2020 project GIFT, a cross-disciplinary collaboration between researchers, artists, designers and many international museums and heritage organisations, exploring the concept of interpersonal museum experiences (see https://gifting.digital/). What the projects have in common is that they build on visitors co-creating and sharing their own narratives in the museum context. We suggest that these projects demonstrate a spectrum of possibilities: From experiences that take place almost without any museum involvement, to those that give museums a role in curating these narratives.

研究动机与目标

• 探究博物馆如何超越知识传播的角色，转型为社会性与参与式体验的促进者。
• 理解参观者社交互动——尤其是群体互动——在博物馆参与中的核心作用。
• 探索支持博物馆环境中参观者共同创作叙事的设计策略。
• 考察博物馆在策展参观者生成内容方面的参与程度谱系。
• 提供可操作的、面向现实世界的设计项目，以实现人际互动的博物馆体验。

提出的方法

• 本研究基于欧盟地平线2020计划GIFT项目中开展的一系列真实世界设计项目。
• 项目由研究人员、艺术家、设计师以及国际博物馆和文化遗产组织跨学科协作开发。
• 设计重点在于使参观者能够在博物馆参观过程中共同创作并分享个人叙事。
• 该方法涵盖从博物馆干预最少的体验，到博物馆主动策展参观者生成内容的体验。
• 项目在多样化的博物馆情境中实施，测试了不同机构参与程度。
• 研究基于民族志洞察与参与式设计方法，使项目建立在参观者行为与社会互动动态的基础之上。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 博物馆如何实现从知识传播者向人际互动促进者的角色转变？
• RQ2 群体互动与社交行为在多大程度上塑造了博物馆参观体验？
• RQ3 哪些设计策略能够支持参观者在博物馆环境中共同创作并分享叙事？
• RQ4 博物馆如何在策展参观者生成内容方面调整其参与程度？
• RQ5 哪些实际设计成果能够通过人际互动使博物馆更具相关性？

主要发现

• 项目表明，人际互动是参观者参与的核心，往往优先于单独观看展品的体验。
• 参观者在博物馆参观期间自然地共同创作叙事，尤其是在结伴参观时，表明博物馆体验具有强烈的社交属性。
• 博物馆可通过最少的干预成功支持此类体验，例如提供叙事创作工具或提示。
• 当博物馆在参观者叙事中承担策展角色时，参与度与感知相关性显著提升。
• 从被动支持到主动参与的博物馆参与谱系，为不同机构能力水平的实施提供了灵活路径。
• GIFT项目提供了具体且可操作的模型，可将人际互动体验整合进博物馆设计之中。