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[论文解读] Deterministic Creation of Large Photonic Multipartite Entangled States with Group-IV Color Centers in Diamond

Gregor Pieplow, Yannick Strocka|arXiv (Cornell University)|Dec 6, 2023
Quantum Information and Cryptography被引用 4
一句话总结

该论文提出了一种基于第IV族色心(G4Vs),特别是金刚石中的锡空位(SnV)色心,生成大规模光学生态多体纠缠态(特别是线性簇态和GHZ态)的确定性方案。通过采用非共振拉曼方案实现快速、高保真度的自旋控制,并结合Purcell增强的光子发射,该方法实现了超过99%的门保真度,100光子态的态制备速率高达9 Hz,展示了其在可扩展光学生态量子技术中的可行性。

ABSTRACT

Measurement-based quantum computation relies on single qubit measurements of large multipartite entangled states, so-called lattice-graph or cluster states. Graph states are also an important resource for quantum communication, where tree cluster states are a key resource for one-way quantum repeaters. A photonic realization of this kind of state would inherit many of the benefits of photonic platforms, such as very little dephasing due to weak environmental interactions and the well-developed infrastructure to route and measure photonic qubits. In this work, a linear cluster state and GHZ state generation scheme is developed for group-IV color centers. In particular, this article focuses on an in-depth investigation of the required control operations, including the coherent spin and excitation gates. We choose an off-resonant Raman scheme for the spin gates, which can be much faster than microwave control. We do not rely on a reduced level scheme and use efficient approximations to design high-fidelity Raman gates. We benchmark the spin-control and excitation scheme using the tin vacancy color center coupled to a cavity, assuming a realistic experimental setting. Additionally, the article investigates the fidelities of the Raman and excitation gates in the presence of radiative and non-radiative decay mechanisms. Finally, a quality measure is devised, which emphasizes the importance of fast and high-fidelity spin gates in the creation of large entangled photonic states.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种基于固态发射器的确定性、可扩展方法,用于生成大规模光学生态多体纠缠态。
  • 通过实施快速、全光学的拉曼基自旋门,克服第IV族色心中微波控制的局限性。
  • 在包括辐射衰变和非辐射衰变在内的真实退相干机制下,优化自旋-光子纠缠和门保真度。
  • 建立一个质量度量标准,优先考虑快速、高保真度的操作,以支持可扩展的量子信息应用。
  • 评估在真实实验条件下,以高保真度和实际速率生成大规模簇态和GHZ态的可行性。

提出的方法

  • 利用高斯激光脉冲的非共振拉曼方案,在SnV中心实现单量子比特自旋旋转,避免使用缓慢的微波控制。
  • 采用锯齿形纳米腔增强目标跃迁的Purcell效应,提高光子收集效率和光子不可区分性。
  • 使用包含Zeeman分裂和激光耦合的9能级哈密顿量建模自旋动力学,并通过近似方法实现高效门优化。
  • 在主方程中引入弛豫过程(包括辐射衰变和非辐射衰变),以模拟在退相干影响下的真实门保真度。
  • 通过数值模拟优化脉冲形状和持续时间,以最小化非目标态(特别是|7⟩和|8⟩)的瞬态布居。
  • 引入一个质量度量标准,平衡态保真度、制备速率和时间尺寸,优先考虑短脉冲以减少光纤链路中的光子损耗。
Figure 1: a) Sawfish cavity [ 25 ] creating Purcell enhancement of the desired transition indicated by the thick orange arrow in the level scheme (b). The control laser fields, which implement the spin gates, are indicated by the blue and magenta cones, which interact with a G4V at the center of the
Figure 1: a) Sawfish cavity [ 25 ] creating Purcell enhancement of the desired transition indicated by the thick orange arrow in the level scheme (b). The control laser fields, which implement the spin gates, are indicated by the blue and magenta cones, which interact with a G4V at the center of the

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1非共振拉曼控制能否在金刚石中的第IV族色心中实现高保真度单量子比特门,优于基于微波的方法?
  • RQ2辐射衰变和非辐射衰变过程如何影响SnV系统中自旋门和激发门的保真度?
  • RQ3在真实实验设置中,最大化门保真度和态制备速率的最优脉冲持续时间和磁场强度为何?
  • RQ4该方案在保真度和速率方面,如何扩展至大规模光学生态多体纠缠态(如100光子线性簇态)?
  • RQ5光子收集效率在方案整体性能和可扩展性中起什么作用?

主要发现

  • 在8 T磁场下,π旋转门保真度达到0.9988,激发门保真度达到0.9984,显著降低了非目标态的瞬态布居。
  • 对于100光子线性簇态,质量度量达到Q(LCS,100) = 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁵,使用脉冲持续时间小于73.33 ps,制备速率达9 Hz。
  • 随着总耦合效率η的增加,态制备速率呈指数下降,当η = 0.98时,η_total(100) ≈ 0.13,凸显了接近单位耦合效率的必要性。
  • 脉冲持续时间低于73.33 ps可最大化生成态的质量,减小时间尺寸并最小化光纤引起的光子损耗。
  • 激光脉冲功率1%的偏差导致门保真度约降低4%,表明对控制场不完美具有中等鲁棒性。
  • 研究表明,即使未完全优化脉冲形状,仅通过全光学拉曼控制,也可在G4Vs中实现高保真度、确定性的大规模光学生态多体纠缠态生成。
Figure 2: a) Level scheme of a G4V in the presence of a magnetic field ${\bf B}=B[\cos(\theta_{\rm dc}),0,\sin(\theta_{\rm dc})]$ (no strain). The carrier frequencies of the two laser fields are indicated by $\omega_{1}$ and $\omega_{2}$ . The magnetic field has to be of axis for optical Raman contr
Figure 2: a) Level scheme of a G4V in the presence of a magnetic field ${\bf B}=B[\cos(\theta_{\rm dc}),0,\sin(\theta_{\rm dc})]$ (no strain). The carrier frequencies of the two laser fields are indicated by $\omega_{1}$ and $\omega_{2}$ . The magnetic field has to be of axis for optical Raman contr

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