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[论文解读] Development of a novel compact and fast SiPM-based RICH detector for the future ALICE 3 PID system at LHC

M. N. Mazziotta, A. R. Altamura|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 18, 2026
Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies被引用 0
一句话总结

本论文报道了一款基于紧凑型SiPM的近焦RICH原型,使用2 cm的气凝胶辐射器和粘接在SiPM上的薄窗辐射层(MgF2或SiO2),实现了约4 mrad单光子角分辨率和约75 ps M0与M1之间的相对时间分辨率,使ALICE3类粒子鉴别要求接近100%探测效率。

ABSTRACT

A dedicated R\&D is ongoing for the charged particle identification system of the \mbox{ALICE 3} experiment proposed for the LHC Run 5 and beyond. One of the subsystems for the high-energy charged particle identification will be a Ring-Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector. The possibility of integrating Cherenkov-based charged particle timing measurements is currently under study. The proposed system is based on a proximity-focusing RICH configuration including an aerogel radiator separated from a SiPM array layer by an expansion gap. A thin high-refractive index window of transparent material, acting as a second Cherenkov radiator, is glued on the SiPM array to enable time-of-flight measurements of charged particles by exploiting the yield of Cherenkov photons in the thin window. We assembled a small-scale prototype instrumented with different Hamamatsu SiPM array sensors with pitches ranging from 1 to 3 mm, readout by custom boards equipped with the front-end Petiroc 2A ASICs to measure charges and times. The primary Cherenkov radiator consisted of a 2 cm thick aerogel tile, while various window materials, including SiO$_2$ and MgF$_2$, were used as secondary Cherenkov radiators. The prototype was successfully tested in a campaign at the CERN PS T10 beam line with pions and protons. This paper summarizes the results achieved in the 2023 test beam campaign.

研究动机与目标

  • 为ALICE 3设计一个紧凑、快速的RICH探测器,整合Cherenkov定时测量。
  • 评估以气凝胶辐射层、SiPM环阵列和薄高折射窗作为第二个辐射层的近焦RICH配置。
  • 展示使用SiPM传感器与Petiroc 2A前端读出实现粒子定时和高 Cherenkov 角分辨率的可行性。
  • 评估探测器性能是否满足ALICE 3 RICH需求,并探讨其在未来高能物理和空间应用中的适用性。

提出的方法

  • 组装一个小型原型,具有2 cm厚的气凝胶辐射层(n = 1.03 在400 nm处)和一个SiPM环形阵列布局(围成圆圈的8个HPK S13552阵列)。
  • 直接将1 mm厚的次级辐射层(MgF2或SiO2)耦合到SiPM,以创建用于定时测量的第二个Cherenkov辐射层。
  • 使用自定义前端板配合Petiroc 2A ASIC(32通道,37 ps LSB TDC,10位ADC)进行主从配置的SiPM通道读出。
  • 在对探测体积进行冷却和清洁以抑制噪声和湿度的同时,将阵列在超过光子探测所需的过压下工作。
  • 对每个通道进行定时标定,应用时间漂移校正,并通过斯涅耳定律对介质中的Cherenkov光子方向进行反向传播以进行角度重建。
Figure 1: Beam test set-up at CERN PS T10 line on Oct, 2023. The beam enters from the right side. The black boxes upstream and downstream the set-up include thin plastic scintillator tiles and two X-Y fiber tracker modules (T0 and T1) Mazziotta et al. ( 2022 ) .
Figure 1: Beam test set-up at CERN PS T10 line on Oct, 2023. The beam enters from the right side. The black boxes upstream and downstream the set-up include thin plastic scintillator tiles and two X-Y fiber tracker modules (T0 and T1) Mazziotta et al. ( 2022 ) .

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1基于SiPM的紧凑RICH配置是否能够在气凝胶辐射层中实现与ALICE 3要求相竞争的Cherenkov角分辨率(单光子大约<4 mrad)?
  • RQ2直接耦合到SiPM的薄高折射窗辐射层是否能提供有效的带电粒子定时,且具备可接受的效率与时间分辨率?
  • RQ3在SiPM基RICH读出系统中使用MgF2或SiO2窗辐射层时,可达到的粒子探测效率和时间分辨率是多少?
  • RQ4在现实的光电子产额下,原型是否能够提供约50 ps/通道的时间分辨率,以及M0与M1之间约75 ps的时间分辨率?

主要发现

  • 单光子Cherenkov角分辨率对π、p的测量均优于4 mrad。
  • M1与M0之间的相对时间分辨率达到约75 ps,若考虑电子学和SiPM的贡献,相当于单个SiPM通道约50 ps左右。
  • 在SiPM阵列上粘接1 mm MgF2或SiO2窗辐射层时,带电粒子探测效率接近100%,前提是光电子计数足够(例如:M0和M1均>15个PE)。
  • 基于M0/M1通道之间的相对时序的时间漂移校正提升了定时表现,支持TOF-like的鲁棒测量。
  • 在CERN-PS T10的8 GeV/c正束(π/p)和10 GeV/c负束的束流测试表明,该SiPM基RICH概念对ALICE 3的可行性。
  • 结果与ALICE 3 RICH需求兼容,且对未来其他HEP实验和太空探测器有潜在适用性。
Figure 2: CAD view of the RICH cylinder with the central upstream SiPM array M0, the aerogel tile, the SiPM linear ring arrays and the central downstream SiPM array M1.
Figure 2: CAD view of the RICH cylinder with the central upstream SiPM array M0, the aerogel tile, the SiPM linear ring arrays and the central downstream SiPM array M1.

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